Conservation Describe the management of grassland and woodland habitats to maintain or increase biodiversity, as illustrated by mowing, grazing, scrub clearance, use of fire and coppicing. Discuss how intensive food production may affect wildlife and explain how farming practice can enhance biodiversity; Understand the significance of the EU Habitats Directive concerning the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora and of Natura 2000.

Conservation ‘the protection and preservation of natural resources and the environment’. Conserve a range of habitats. Encourage biodiversity. DYNAMIC

Succession Over a period of time changes may occur in a community. It may lead to a stable or climax community. Progression from one stage to the next is known as succession. Invertebrates small Mammals and birds

Aquatic Habitat

Conservational strategies attempts: to keep different stages of succession. prevent the full climax community in the whole area. This needs active intervention and management.

Existed probably up to 12, 000 years ago. Has been managed for at least 750 years ago. It was in danger of being converted into arable land in the 70’s. Now a working coppiced woodland. Rich in animal and plant life.

Coppicing of the woodland

Hundreds of years old. Stools

42 native trees (2/3’s of Britain’s total). 350 species of flowering plants including a number of rarities.

Change in land use may lead to a loss of diversity. Management requires active interference to maintain diversity by creating a large number of habitats. Scientific interest (eg. Rare plant and animal species) Nature reserves for academic research and educational study. Leisure benefits. Conservation aims to protect existing ecosystems and maintain genetic resources.

Managing Grassland and Maintaining Diversity Mowing Grazing

Scrub Clearance Use of Fire Coppicing