Lesson 7 Plant organ systems, water & nutrients movement

A- Plant organ systems A1. Root system A2. - Usually underground A3. Shoot system A4. -usually above ground

B- Shoot and Root systems working together B1-To move nutrients, water and hormones throughout plants via vascular bundles (xylem + phloem)

C-Marcello Malpighi’s experiment (1686) C1.Question raised: what happen if the flow of materials in the vascular bundles was interrupted? C2.Describe what happen in the picture C3. Removing phloem led to swelling of tree bark above the cut. C4. Sweet fluid dripped out of the swelling C5.Tree died a few weeks after the experiment C6. What do you think happened?

D-Movement of materials in vascular bundles D1.Phloem moves sugars from where to where? D2.From leaves to other organs D3.Xylem moves water and minerals from where to where? D4.From roots to other organs D5.What would the results have been if the xylem is removed? D6.Water from root can’t reach leaves, no photosynthesis take place. Plant will also die out

E. What happen to plant when no or too much water? E1.No water: E2.Nutrients in soils can’t be dissolved and taken up E3.No water for photosynthesis E4.Plants will die Too much water: E5. Root cells die as not enough O 2 in soil to get energy from cellular respiration

F- Photosynthesis coupled with cellular respiration to give organisms energy F1.Animals don’t have chloroplasts; thus, they have to obtain energy from the environment How is the reaction of phososynthesis compared to cellular respiration?

G-How is water moved through xylem? G1.Water transported up the plant against gravity G2.Water first absorbed by the root hairs G3.Water and nutrients then enter the root by osmosis until it they reach the xylem G4. osmosis= the movement of water from a place of higher WATER concentration to a place of lower WATER concentration F5.Before entering xylem, water and nutrients are forced through the waxy cell membranes of the endodermis.

G-How is water moved through xylem? (cont.) G5. A combination of root pressure, loss of water through stomata (leaf openings) and adhesion and cohesion properties of water helps move water up the plants. G6.Adhesion: ability of water molecules to stick to certain surface (e.g. xylem’s wall) G7.Cohesion: ability of water molecules to stick to one another

H-How is sugar moved through plant? H1.Glucose from leaves must first converted into sucrose H2.Sucrose is soluble in water and is transported through plants via phloem H3.When reaching root, sucrose is converted into starch H4. If plants need starch from root, starch must be converted back to sucrose because starch is water insoluble H5.Starch is then transported upward as sap Collecting maple sap

I-How do shoot and root systems depend on one another? I1.What is produced in the leaves that needed by the rest of the plants? I2.Explain how without the shoot systems the products produced by leaves will be of limited use for plant survival? I3. Explain how photosynthesis is not possible without the shoot system?

L- Review questions Do question 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 Page 80-81