05-Oct-02 L. Moritz TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, B.C. V6T2A3 SAFERIB Workshop CERN, Oct.30-Nov.1,

05-Oct-02 Overview  Short description of ISAC  Shielding (tools and verification)  Activation (yields and distribution)  Target handling  Contamination control  Experience and plans for future

05-Oct-02 ISAC Parameters Reference Design: 100  A of 500 MeV protons on 95 g cm -2 UC 2 Reference Design: 100  A of 500 MeV protons on 95 g cm -2 UC 2 Authorization: 100  A of 500 MeV protons on targets Z  82 Authorization: 100  A of 500 MeV protons on targets Z  82 Application for targets with Z > 82 in preparation Ottawa

05-Oct-02 Targets (to September 2002) Targett (g cm -2 )Max. I p (  A)  I p dt (  A  h) CaO36.0<1070 CaO31.1<10363 Nb Nb Mo  197 Ta CaZrO SiC Nb Ta SiC SiC TiC Test only

05-Oct-02 ISAC at TRIUMF

05-Oct-02 ISAC Experimental Hall

05-Oct-02 ISAC-II (2005)

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target Stations 500 MeV Protons RIB Initial Installation: West Target Station Initial Installation: West Target Station Installation 2002: East Target Station

05-Oct-02 Shielding  Bulk Shielding: Point source, line-of- sight attenuation  Complicated geometries: FLUKA  Verification: MCNP, LCS

05-Oct-02 Point Source, Line-of-sight Attenuation of Prompt Radiation Field Nuclear interaction probability High-energy neutron yield Angular dependence Exponential Attenuation Geometry factor

05-Oct-02 Parameters f n (E p ), h 0,,  Nuclear interaction probability, f n Angular dependence,  Attenuation length, Attenuation length, Source term, h 0 m=0.8

05-Oct-02 Test: 500 MeV Proton Beam Stop 1.8 m 2.9 m

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target Shielding (Plan) Steel Concrete (low Na) Radioactive Ion beam Slits Cu Beam dump Target Proton beam Concrete A A’

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target/ion Source Shielding ion beam steel 0 1m concrete concrete & steel Service space recycled steel target vacuum seals (Section AA’)

05-Oct-02 Streaming Through Pre- separator Maze Target: 50 g cm -2 UC 2 E p = 500 MeV I p = 100  A FLUKA simulation

05-Oct-02 Pre-separator Maze Added shielding Before After

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target Module

05-Oct-02 Target Module Service Ducts Target/Ion Source

05-Oct-02 Sv/h Streaming Through Target Vacuum Exhaust Ducts Target: 50 g cm -2 UC 2 E p = 500 MeV I p = 100  A p Air Concrete- steel

05-Oct-02 Streaming Through Ducts Concrete- steel Air

05-Oct-02 Composition of Top Shield

05-Oct-02 Radiation Fields above Target  Sv/h Andersson-Braun Measurement 100  A on Mo Target Test Andersson-Braun Measurement 100  A on Mo Target Test

05-Oct-02 Activation  Experimental Cross-sections  Silberberg & Tsao  FLUKA, LAHET, MCNPX  ORIGEN

05-Oct U(p,x) Cross Section Comparison at 500 MeV LCSFLUKAExperimentalSilberberg & Tsao ………… Fission Spallation Peripheral

05-Oct-02 Silberberg & Tsao (YIELDX) 500 MeV Protons

05-Oct-02 FLUKA Simulation (500 MeV protons on UC 2 target) 18 cm 1.4 cm UC 2 (5.076 g cm -3 ) 67 mm UC 2 (5.076 g cm -3 ) Ta H2OH2O 27 mm p p

05-Oct-02 Yields: UC 2 target (FLUKA simulation) 18 cm 1.4 cm UC 2 (5.076 g cm -3 ) 500 MeV p

05-Oct-02 ORIGEN (build-up and decay) Beam OnBeam Off

05-Oct-02 Decays Leading to 210 Po 210 Po Long-lived Not in ORIGEN Library

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target Handling Target Maintenance Hall

05-Oct-02 Maximum  -field Outside ITMH ~10 1 m  1  Sv/h

05-Oct-02 ISAC Target Servicing: Hot Cells Target storage pit Hot Cells Target storage pit

05-Oct-02 ISAC target hot cell roof docking mechanism

05-Oct-02 ISAC target being docked in hot cell

05-Oct-02 ISAC Hot Cells Before Installation of Windows

05-Oct-02 View Through ISAC Hot Cell Window

05-Oct-02 Contamination Control  Ventilation System  Production of Radioactivity in Air  Typical Release Rates  Production of Volatile Radioactivity  Vacuum Exhaust Handling

05-Oct-02 Ventilation System Hot Cell Service Room Hot Cell Target Service Space Presep. Cave Mass Separator Room Experimental Hall Services Target Maintenance Hall Fan Standby Fan Secondary Filters Primary Filters Air pressure depression relative to outside Stack

05-Oct-02 Radioactivity Production in Air

05-Oct-02 Production in Pre-separator Vault Nuclide Production rateRelease rate (s -1 )(Bq a -1 )(%DRL) 3H3H7.8x x x Be7.4x x x C1.5x x x N5.8x x x O2.3x x x Ar1.9x x x10 -5 Total1.8x x10 -3 (3000 hours per year, 100  A on 238 UC 2 target)

05-Oct-02 Production in Target Service Space (3000 hours per year, 100  A on 238 UC 2 target) Nuclide Production rateRelease rate (s -1 )(Bq a -1 )(%DRL) 3H3H9.5x x x Be2.2x x x C4.6x x x N1.1x x x O4.8x x x Ar3.6x x x10 -5 Total8.1x x10 -4

05-Oct-02 Releases to Atmosphere (Gaseous, 2001) IsotopeTotal Release (MBq)DRL (MBq)% of DRL 127 Xe3.4    Ar+   10 -3

05-Oct-02 Production of Volatiles Target Hg I/Xe Rb/Kr Cl/Ar Ne b+b+ volatiles

05-Oct-02 Vacuum Exhaust System HEPA filter Charcoal filter Operating storage Long-term storage Pre-separator Mass-separator TIS Exit modules TP MP Secondary Primary Slits

05-Oct-02 Releases to Atmosphere (Particulates, 2001) IsotopeTotal Release (MBq)DRL (MBq)% of DRL 77 Br1.3    Se2.7    Mn4.3    I2.7    Cs4.7    Sr1.7    Br4.5    I2.3    Co2.3    Nb2.7    I1.4    Total2.5   10 -5

05-Oct-02 Experience  Contamination Issues  Collective Dose

05-Oct-02 One (!) Contamination Incident (June 2000) Target Station Hot Cell Nb target Ta target NuclideBq cm Rb Se Sr Yb0.03 Total No contamination after step 1 Uniform contamination after step 1 No other significant contamination since June 2000 No other significant contamination since June 2000

05-Oct-02 TRIUMF Collective Dose So far ISAC has had no significant impact on TRIUMF collective dose Start of ISAC operation

05-Oct-02 Future Plans  Task Force to pursue licensing for actinide targets  Proposed test station to measure yields and transport properties of alpha-emitters  Proposed second proton beam line to feed second target station

05-Oct-02 Conceptual Design of Proposed Test Station

05-Oct-02