The ultimate goal of this work is to: 1) fabricate inexpensive MMSMAs in polycrystalline bulk form having large magnetic field ‐ induced actuation work output and significantly enhanced ductility using a powder metallurgy (PM) approach, and 2) fabricate open porous MMSMAs for the evaluation of their biological viability and potential as remotely controlled MMSMA morphing tissue scaffolds for in ‐ vitro osteogenesis. The intellectual merits of this transformative research are: –The potential to create an entirely new family of tissue scaffolds, i.e. meta ‐ magnetic tissue scaffolds, from open porous MMSMAs that would allow far-field actuation for tissue growth in ‐ vitro & in ‐ vivo. –The potential to revolutionize the field of SMAs and actuator materials by fertilizing completely new property landscapes and theories on magneto- thermo-mechanical coupling –Improved MMSMA ductility and fracture toughness through unique processing techniques thereby making MMSMAs cheaper and more accessible for a multitude of applications. Research Highlights: –Demonstrated for the first time that a porous polycrystalline meta-magnetic SMA can be created through pressureless sintering. It allowed the first polycrystalline MMSMAs (NiMnCoSn and NiMnCoAl) exhibiting a superelasticity and meta-magnetic shape memory. –Developed an effective processing route that eliminates all oxygen contamination that is detrimental to the material’s magneto-thermo-mechanical energy coupling. –Successful fabrication of 50% porous NiMnCoSn MMSMAs showing magnetic- field induced martensitic transformation –Demonstration of stable cyclic mechanical response, magnetic field induced transformation, and meta-magnetic shape memory effect in sintered NiCoMnSn powders with small pores. –Conducted systematic parametric study varying temperature, time and compact pressure to determine the best processing route for improved particle densification. –Developed a passive layer-by-layer assembled electrolytic polymer coating using clay-chitosan particles for improved biocompatibility. Cytotoxicity testing is being conducted. –Three published articles with Japanese collaborators, four articles under review, and two under preparation. Thermo-Mechanical tests on 50 vol% NiCoMnSn foams showing an increase in fracture strength and less damage (right) compared to a material with a lower strut density (left). Materials World Network: U.S.-Japan Research Collaboration in Meta-Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MMSMAs) with Enhanced Ductility and Controlled Porosity Ibrahim Karaman, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, DMR Micro CT image (left) showing interconnected pore structure. X-Ray maps (right) showing that oxygen contamination from space holder and binder materials (top right) can be removed (bottom right) by selecting a specific processing route.

Collaboration Network The Broader Impacts of this research are: Help K-12 students develop science projects with MMSMAs Development of teaching modules for incorporation into undergraduate courses Enhanced graduate and undergraduate research experiences through REU students, IGERT program, and international research experience. Continued and new collaboration with international universities. Involvement of underrepresented groups. Disseminating the knowledge generated to both academia and industry through the workshops and symposiums on SMAs, presentations, publications. Highlights: Three graduate (one American hispanic male, one hispanic female and one American white male) and two undergraduate students (Hispanic male from the University of Puerto Rico and white American male from Texas A&M) are employed. Three published articles, four under review with the Japanese collaborators. Ongoing interaction with students from a local high school to conduct science projects in the PI’s lab. Two female middle school students attended the International Sustainable Energy, Engineering and Environment Project Olympiad (I-SWEEEP) 2010, with their project on MMSMAs. One graduate student volunteers with a local boy scout troop and has helped scouts by conducting structural analysis of eagle scout projects, such as bridges with SMAs. Presentation to prospective female engineering students from a SWE sponsored summer camp. Continued work with Tohoku University, Japan and Koc and Hacettepe Universities in Turkey and fostered new collaboration with Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. One graduate student participated in a micromechanical modeling summer school at the University of Ioannina, Greece. The PI has been active in the ISWEEP Olympiad as judge and member of the organizing committee. I-SWEEEP is open to middle and high school students and is the largest science fair event of its kind world-widewith projects from 70 different countries competes in I-SWEEP ( Both the PI and Co-PI have been involved in recruitment activities at Minority Institutions. Materials World Network: U.S.-Japan Research Collaboration in Meta-Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MMSMAs) with Enhanced Ductility and Controlled Porosity Ibrahim Karaman, Texas Engineering Experiment Station, DMR HACETTEPE UNIVERSITY