©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 46 Magnesium deficiency causes interveinal chlorosis on the older leaves of this poinsettia.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 47 Phosphorus deficiency causes severe stunting and purpling of older leaves of this tomato.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 48 The color developed after wetting soil with a pH-sensitive dye can be compared to a color chart in order to estimate soil pH in the field. This soil has a pH of about 7. See page 377.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 49 Sulfur deficiency typically causes chlorosis (yellowing) on the youngest leaves first, or on all the foliage, as in the sorghum plant on the left. This contrasts with nitrogen deficiency, which causes chlorosis first on the oldest leaves. Plants growing on low-sulfur soil responded to sulfur addition.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 50 Nitrogen-deficient corn on Udolls in central Illinois. Ponded water after heavy rains resulted in nitrogen loss by denitrification and leaching.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 51 Slow-moving coastal plain stream choked with algal bloom caused by nitrogen and phosphorus from upstream farmland.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 52 Normal (left) and phosphorus-deficient (right) corn plants. Note stunting and purple color.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 53 Zinc deficiency on peach tree. Note whorl of small, misshaped leaves.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 54 Zinc deficiency on sweet corn. Note broad whitish bands.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 55 Eroded calcareous soil (Ustolls) with iron-deficient sorghum.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 56 Boron deficiency on alfalfa. Note reddish foliage.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 57 Pink blooms belong to pioneering redbud (Cercis canadensis L) trees, a nitrogen-fixing legume that enriches the soil for the other species (which eventually will take over as the forest matures).

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 58 Nitrogen deficiency on a pine tree. The yellowing (chlorosis) occurs mainly on the older needles.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 59 The large soybean root nodule was cut open to show its red interior indicative of active nitrogen fixation. The red comes from an iron-coordinated compound very similar to the hemoglobin that makes human blood turn red when oxygenated.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 60 Looking like snow, the salt crust covering this soil formed when salt-laden groundwater in this salt marsh near the Great Salt Lake in Utah rose by capillarity and evaporated from the soil surface, leaving the dissolved salt behind.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 61 Sea spray has caused salt injury (brown leaves) despite the high salt tolerance of this Bermuda grass at Pebble Beach Golf Course in California.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 62 It’s a good thing this homeowner readjusted his spreader before he finished fertilizing the lawn. Salt “burn” from too much nitrogen fertilizer.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 63 Iron deficiency causes yellowing with sharply contrasting green veins on the younger leaves. Rose growing in soil with pH 6.8.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 64 Stream polluted by acid drainage caused by sulfurization of soils forming in coal mine spoil. FeSO 4 in the acid drainage oxidizes in the stream to cause the orange color. See page 585.

©2002 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey THE NATURE AND PROPERTIES OF SOILS, 13/e Nyle C. Brady and Ray R. Weil Plate 65 Early stages of soil formation in material dredged from Baltimore Harbor. Sulfidic materials (black), acid drainage (orange liquid), salt accumulations (whitish crust), and initiation of prismatic structure (cracks) are all evident.