MIS 673: Database Analysis and Design u Objectives: u Know how to analyze an environment and draw its semantic data model u Understand data analysis and database design process u Be able to evaluate and refine data structures u Know how to convert semantic data models into a relational one u Implement a relational database and query it using SQL u Understand new trends in data management and analysis u Understand the coexistence of data and process modeling

u Grading: u midterm20% u final20% u homework20% u research project15% u computer assignments15% u participation10% MIS 673: Database Analysis and Design

Homework u Readings u Written assignments: u Selected questions u Problems u Exercises

Team Research Project u Teams of five u Research topics: u A field case, concept or product u Must relate to advanced database technology u Can be based on the research of the literature u Outcomes: u Written report up to 5000 words u Presentation lasting 30 minutes

u J. Martin: Four levels of data environment u Files u Application databases u Subject databases u Information Systems File Systems and Databases

Files u Separate files are used for most applications u Simple, easy to implement u Large proliferation of files, high redundancy u Data inconsistency, anomalies u Exhibit structural dependence u Changes are difficult, slow, expensive

Data-Centered System Development DATA Data creation Data updating “What-if?” analysis and decision support Summary, analysis, chart & report generation Generation of documents Informatio n searching Audits DBMS

Application Databases u Separate databases are designed for separate applications u Large proliferation of databases, high redundancy, high maintenance costs u May be more expensive than files environment u Major advantages of database operation are not achieved

Subject Databases u Databases are independent of specific applications u Data for business objects are associated and represented in shared databases u Thorough data analysis and modeling are needed u Much lower maintenance costs u Leads to faster application development u Requires a change in system analysis methods True benefits can be achieved

Information Systems u Databases are organized for fast information retrieval u A variety of languages and query facilities are often used u New elements are added as they are needed u Should coexist with Subject Databases

Database System u Stores the definitions (metadata = data about data) in a data dictionary u Creates complex structures making programming easier u Translates logical into physical requests u Provides a security system u Allows multiple-user access u Provides backup and recovery procedures u Promotes and enforces integrity u Provides user interfaces for querying

Data Analysis and Modeling u Models: simplified abstractions of real world u Goal: deriving effective information from an efficient database u Database model: a collection of logical constructs u Two categories: conceptual (semantic) and implementation

Degrees of Data Abstraction Semantic model User view 1 User view 2 Implemen- tation model Physical model High degree of abstraction Medium degree of abstraction Low degree of abstraction

Conceptual Schema: an Example PROFESSORCLASSSTUDENT CLASSROOM 1MMN M 1 teachescontains requires is taught byattends hosts Components:- - Entities Relationships

MIS673, Week 1 Summary u Database analysis and design u Data models u Refinement of data structures u Conversion of semantic into implementation data model u Implementation of a relational database u Structured Query Language (SQL) u New trends in data management u Relationship with process modeling