Play and Sport 10/24/20151 Play and its Meaning Why we love it so.... Sharon Kay Stoll, Ph.D. Center for ETHICS* University of Idaho

Play and Sport 10/24/20152 Play by Drew Hyland n Play is one of those phenomena where we again and again achieve that sense of totality, that intimation of complement...ground in the very stance of play itself which I have called responsive openness. Dr. Hyland played basketball at Princeton with Bill Bradley

Play and Sport 10/24/20153 Play by Jonathan Levy n Play is necessary to affirm our lives. It is through experiencing play that we answer the puzzle of our existence, to be free, and therefore to know play (know oneself) means to realize the supreme importance and utter significance of our existence.

Play and Sport 10/24/20154 Play by Michael Novak..... n The basic reality of all human life is play, games, and sport. These are the realities for which the basic metaphors for all that is important in the rest of life are drawn. Wrote Joy of Sport, important voice of social issues -

Play and Sport 10/24/20155 Novak continued n Work, politics, history are illusory, misleading, and false. Being, beauty, truth, excellence, transcendence --- these words, grown in the soil of play wither in the sand of work. Art, prayer, worship, love, civilization...these thrive on the field of play....Joy of Sport

Play and Sport 10/24/20156 Play by David Roochnik n Play is a Mode of Being... A way of confronting oneself..of approaching and extending to the world. Philosopher, Boston University

Play and Sport 10/24/20157 Play....literal Meaning

Play and Sport 10/24/20158 Paedeia..... n Of or relating to a child...child like play, having no purpose other than play..

Play and Sport 10/24/20159 Ludus.... n Structured Play...having the elements of rules and limits

Play and Sport 10/24/ Play as defined by..Huizinga n Free and Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality of ordinary life.

Play and Sport 10/24/ A Diagram...

Play and Sport 10/24/ A Diagram...

Play and Sport 10/24/ Terminology.....according to Carolyn Thomas.... n Nike - The winged goddess of victory n Agon - Struggle, the contest...two or more struggling. The difference is in the contesting rather than the testing in competition against a standard or object. n Sport - Sporten, to divert, to take away from. n Games - gamen (f), pleasure or amusement.

Play and Sport 10/24/ Terminology....more... n Agon - struggle of opponents... n Alea - (f), the game of chance...not knowing the ending, taking the chance n Ilinix - (g) seeking disequilibrium... n Mimicry - (f) imitation...seeking the state of pretending.

Play and Sport 10/24/ Terminology... n Competition....(L) to come together, to agree to do something...to seek or strive for something.

Play and Sport 10/24/ Competition... The seeking after something of value, to the exclusion of others, while following agreed upon rules. J ames Keating, Philosopher The seeking after something of value, to the exclusion of others, while following agreed upon rules. J ames Keating, Philosopher

Play and Sport 10/24/ Dance, Exercise Dance, …. n Expressive, space, form, movement n Intention is toward the experience rather than the outcome. n Performance is the key

Play and Sport 10/24/ What is Competition?

Play and Sport 10/24/ Games n A Mental Competition.....? n Minimal Physical Acts.... n Rule Bound, organized, evaluative process n Participants in direct competition....

Play and Sport 10/24/ Games....according to Suits n “To play a game is to attempt to achieve a specific state of affairs [prelusory goal], using only means permitted by rules [lusory means], where the rules prohibit use of more efficient in favour of less efficient means [constitutive rules], and where the rules are accepted just because they make possible such activity [lusory attitude]. Bernard Suits,The Grasshopper: Games, Life and Utopia, 1978.

Play and Sport 10/24/ Sport - Sporten - To Divert n Free & Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality outside of ordinary life n Governed by rules n Organized n Criteria for evaluation

Play and Sport 10/24/ What is Competition?

Play and Sport 10/24/ CompetitionCompetition The one quality that has made America great...motivates to be discontented with status quo and being second best. The one quality that has made America great...motivates to be discontented with status quo and being second best.

Play and Sport 10/24/ Competition: The Expressive Function of Sport Distinguish Competition as it is actually carried out from Competition as it OUGHT to be carried out

Play and Sport 10/24/ Competition... A mutual quest for excellence through challenge Competition... A mutual quest for excellence through challenge Robert Simon

Play and Sport 10/24/ "Winning for player or spectator is not simply outscoring; it is a way of talking about betterment, about making oneself, one's fellows, one's city, one's adherents, more noble because of a temporary engagement of a higher human plane of existence." A. Bartlett Giamatti "Winning for player or spectator is not simply outscoring; it is a way of talking about betterment, about making oneself, one's fellows, one's city, one's adherents, more noble because of a temporary engagement of a higher human plane of existence." A. Bartlett Giamatti

Play and Sport 10/24/ Athletics - n Free & Voluntary n Spatially and temporally separate n Uncertain in its outcome n Unproductive in a utilitarian sense n Has a make believe quality outside of ordinary life n Governed by rules n Organized n Criteria for evaluation n Worklike quality n Outcomes drive importance

Play and Sport 10/24/ Two divergent views of competition.....

Play and Sport 10/24/ The Perception of Sport MoralNonmoral MOTIVES Good Bad Excellent PlayWin-At-All-Costs INTENTIONS Good Bad Deceitful Strategy Good Game Strategy ACTION RightWrong Purpose: Take out of game, do physical, emotional, mental harm. Purpose: Establish dominance through excellence SportsmanshipGamesmanship