Transparency International’s 2010 Global Corruption Barometer Murray Petrie, Co-Chair, TINZ Chapman Tripp, Wellington, 13 December 2010

Overview The Global Corruption Barometer and main global results Summary of NZ Results Specific issues for NZ 2

The Global Corruption Barometer Since 2003, an annual survey of public views on and experiences of corruption. 2010: 91,500 people surveyed by Gallup in 86 countries June-September. NZ included in survey for first time in GCR a public survey v Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a survey of business/expert opinion 3

Main global results 6 out of 10 say it has increased over last 3 years 4 out of 10 paid a bribe in last 12 months Police the most frequent recipient of bribes (29% of those who had contact) The poor and young people may more bribes 8 out of 10 say political parties are corrupt or extremely corrupt; civil service and parliament viewed as next most corrupt. Early draft4

The NZ Survey 1,291 respondents to an survey by Colmar Brunton June 3 – July 11 Nationally representative sample Maximum margin of error +/- 2.8% (larger for disaggregated data) TI Berlin did survey design and data collection Analysis of NZ data with assistance from TINZ Summer Intern Ben Krieble 5

Corruption in NZ seen as increasing in last 3 years 6

Corruption increased in last 3 years? Cross-national comparisons Decreased Same Increased PNG7%8%85% New Zealand4%24%73% USA6%22%72% UK3%30%67% Vanuatu13%23%64% Australia5%42%54% Singapore28%33%38% Fiji53%11%36% Denmark2%69%29% 7

New Zealanders do pay bribes “In the past 12 months have you or anyone in your household paid a bribe in any form…” to one of the following nine institutions/organizations: education system, judiciary, medical services, police, registry/permit services, utilities, tax, land services, customs 3.6% answered yes. 8

Paid a bribe in the last 12 months? Cross-national comparisons PNG26.1% Solomon Is.19.7% Vanuatu15.5% Fiji12.0% Singapore8.8% USA5.3% New Zealand3.6% Australia2.4% UK1.4% Denmark0.4% 9

Other NZ evidence (Massey University*) As part of the ISSP, a 2006 nationwide random mail survey, 1200 responses, margin of error +/-3% In last 5 years 90% had never come across a public official who hinted/asked for a bribe for a service But 7.5% said they had “seldom” come across such an official, 2.5% said “occasionally”, 0.5% said “quite often” or “very often.” Asked how many politicians and public officials are involved in corruption, only 17% and 14% respectively said “almost none” * Data supplied by Professor Philip Gendall 10

SSC Integrity and Conduct Survey % of 8,200 respondent state servants reported observing illegal conduct in previous 12 months 4% observed “giving or accepting inappropriate payments, perks, or inappropriate gifts” 5% observed inappropriate alteration of documents 4% observed falsification or misrepresentation of records or reports 11

Who is seen as corrupt in NZ? 1 = not corrupt; 5 = extremely corrupt Institution/OrganisationMean rating Political parties3.5 Parliament3.2 Private sector3.2 Media3.1 Religious bodies3.1 Public officials3.0 Police2.7 NGOs2.6 Judiciary2.5 Education system2.4 Military2.2 12

Government effective in fighting corruption? 13

Government effective in fighting corruption? Cross-national comparisons IneffectiveNeitherEffective Fiji9%3%88% Denmark44%0%56% New Zealand12%34%54% Australia21%43%36% UK66%0%34% Vanuatu49%19%32% Solomon Is55%20%32% Singapore31%40%29% USA71%0%29% PNG65%11%24% 14

Who do New Zealanders trust to fight corruption? Most trusted organisation Government leaders23% Media20% Nobody18% NGOs15% Private sector7% International organisations4% Don’t know14% 15

Role of individuals in fighting corruption New Zealanders’ viewsDisagreeAgree Individuals can make a difference fighting corruption 13%87% Could become involved in fighting corruption 27%73% Would support a friend/colleague fighting corruption 4%96% Would report an incident of corruption 7%93% 16

Conclusions First public survey of bribery incidence in NZ Surprising level of payment of bribes Strong public view that corruption increasing Consistent with other survey evidence; and with known increased risks from globalization NZers think individuals can make a difference, and are willing to get involved Government needs to be pro-active 17

What should be done? Hot lines; ensure effective whistle blower protection Focus on specific areas where officials have a valuable discretion: police; corrections; procurement; immigration; customs; regulation; taxation Survey civil servants on bribery; repeat public surveys Transparency of political party funding; apply OIA to parliament; MPs’ Code of Conduct; independent setting of MPs’ pay and allowances Active reporting, monitoring, auditing and enforcement Enlist the public e.g. civics education 18