Welcome to the Unit Three Seminar for KU 120! Agenda It is all about vocabulary building

Vocabulary in Context Determining the meaning of words in their context is a key reading strategy. There are often clues in the surrounding sentence or sentences that will help you determine the approximate meaning of words that you don’t know. Determining the meaning of words in their context is a key reading strategy. There are often clues in the surrounding sentence or sentences that will help you determine the approximate meaning of words that you don’t know.

Four Common Context Clues There are four types of context clues: There are four types of context clues: Synonyms Synonyms Antonyms Antonyms General context General context Examples Examples

©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Synonyms A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. A synonym is a word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word. Synonym signal words are: or, that is Synonym signal words are: or, that is Example: The dentist gave me laughing gas to alleviate (or ease) the pain of taking out my wisdom teeth. Example: The dentist gave me laughing gas to alleviate (or ease) the pain of taking out my wisdom teeth.

©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Antonyms An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning of another word. Antonym signal words are: but, not, unlike, in contrast, yet, however. Antonym signal words are: but, not, unlike, in contrast, yet, however. Example: During dinner, Anne let out a loud burp that mortified her mother, but amused her friends. Example: During dinner, Anne let out a loud burp that mortified her mother, but amused her friends.

©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers General Context Sometimes a definition is provided. Sometimes a definition is provided. Sometimes a description is provided. Sometimes a description is provided. Sometimes logic and reasoning skills are needed. Sometimes logic and reasoning skills are needed. Example: To insure safety, written and road tests should be mandatory for everyone who seeks a driver’s license for the first time; no exceptions should be allowed. Example: To insure safety, written and road tests should be mandatory for everyone who seeks a driver’s license for the first time; no exceptions should be allowed.

©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Examples An example is provided of the word. An example is provided of the word. Example signal words indicate that an example is coming: for instance, such as, consists of, including Example: Some authors use pseudonyms; for example, famous American author Mark Twain’s real name was Samuel Clemens.

The floors of the restaurant were extremely scuzzy. They were covered with spilled grease, crumbs of food, and cigarette butts. The floors of the restaurant were extremely scuzzy. They were covered with spilled grease, crumbs of food, and cigarette butts.

This third grade was full of precocious children. One child had learned to read at two and another could do algebra at age 6. This third grade was full of precocious children. One child had learned to read at two and another could do algebra at age 6.

When going to an office party you should show your best decorum, for example, dress your best, drink and eat moderately, and be sure to thank the host before you leave. When going to an office party you should show your best decorum, for example, dress your best, drink and eat moderately, and be sure to thank the host before you leave.

The contractor was always well remunerated for his work. For example, he received $10,000 for a small addition to a house and last year he was received $5,000 for reconstructing a stairway. The contractor was always well remunerated for his work. For example, he received $10,000 for a small addition to a house and last year he was received $5,000 for reconstructing a stairway.

Mary admonished her students and they knew they were in hot water for their actions. Mary admonished her students and they knew they were in hot water for their actions.

When we stayed at the military base, each Saturday we went to the commissary to buy the food and supplies we would need for the next week When we stayed at the military base, each Saturday we went to the commissary to buy the food and supplies we would need for the next week

"I was not exactly enamored of the travel plans my agent made for me; my lack of enthusiasm was triggered by the eight-hour layover required between flights." "I was not exactly enamored of the travel plans my agent made for me; my lack of enthusiasm was triggered by the eight-hour layover required between flights."

4. A hypothesis is not a factual statement: it is a tentative idea that might explain a set of facts or actions. The best definition for hypothesis is The best definition for hypothesis is a. an educated guess. b. a well-thought-out lie. c. a set of facts or actions.

Marion used a euphemism when she described herself as “full-figured”when she was 50 pounds overweight. Marion used a euphemism when she described herself as “full-figured”when she was 50 pounds overweight.

Using Context Clues They decided against buying the house because of its proximity to the airport. They decided against buying the house because of its proximity to the airport.

On the highway running through the city, a vehicle accident can cause gridlock that stretches for miles On the highway running through the city, a vehicle accident can cause gridlock that stretches for miles

- When Martha asked her husband if she was getting fat, he said “yes” without thinking and quickly regretted his candor. When Martha asked her husband if she was getting fat, he said “yes” without thinking and quickly regretted his candor.

Context Clues The count had a supercilious expression on his face and seemed to be looking down his nose at the other guests. The count had a supercilious expression on his face and seemed to be looking down his nose at the other guests.

©2004 Pearson Education Inc. publishing as Longman Publishers Word Parts Root: the basic or main part of a word. Root: the basic or main part of a word. Prefix: A group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to make a word. Prefix: A group of letters added to the beginning of a root word to make a word. Suffix: A group of letters added to the end of a root word to make a word. Suffix: A group of letters added to the end of a root word to make a word. Example: in-vis-ible Example: in-vis-ible

ann, annu, means yearly ann, annu, means yearly

annual, annual, annuity, anniversary, annual, annual, annuity, anniversary,

Circum—around Circum—around

circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance, circumcision, circumference,, circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe, circulatory

bio, bi – life bio, bi – life

biography, biology, biometricsm biome, biosphere

dem, demo--people, populace, population dem, demo--people, populace, population

dem, demo--people, populace, population democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic dem, demo--people, populace, population democracy, demography, demagogue, epidemic

scrib, script – write scrib, script – write

scrib, script -- write scrib, script -- write scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript scribble, inscribe, describe, subscribe, prescribe, manuscript

Word Analysis Examples: Prefixes Prefixes: Pre – before or preceding Super – over, beyond, above Sub – under, below Bene – well, good Mal – bad Multi – many Mono – one Dis – apart from Anti – against

Word Analysis Examples: Roots Chron – time Cred – belief Derma – skin Dict – say Gen – to give birth to, to produce Locut, loqu – speech Mob – move Popul – people Sect – cut, divide Voc – voice, call Plac – calm, please

Word Analysis Examples: Suffixes Ism – state, condition, or quality Ise – to cause to be, to treat or affect Onym – name, word Ous – full of

Other Ways To Improve Vocabulary Although the text discusses the importance of understanding how to use context clues when reading, sometimes you cannot use context clues. Here are a few other ways to improve your vocabulary and use new words in your everyday life. Although the text discusses the importance of understanding how to use context clues when reading, sometimes you cannot use context clues. Here are a few other ways to improve your vocabulary and use new words in your everyday life. When reading a book, passage, article, etc., use a slip of paper as a bookmark and write unknown words on it. After you complete the reading, look up those words in the dictionary. When reading a book, passage, article, etc., use a slip of paper as a bookmark and write unknown words on it. After you complete the reading, look up those words in the dictionary. When you learn a new word, figure out how to use it in your conversations and writings. This will reinforce the meaning of the word. When you learn a new word, figure out how to use it in your conversations and writings. This will reinforce the meaning of the word. As described in the chapter, learn prefixes, suffixes, and roots of the words so that you can identify and recognize more words. As described in the chapter, learn prefixes, suffixes, and roots of the words so that you can identify and recognize more words. Keep a dictionary with you when reading to ensure that you look up any unknown words. As discussed earlier, a dictionary is not always needed. However, there will be times when this is the only way to understand the meaning of the word. Be sure to look up the word so that you are able to understand the information in the passage. Keep a dictionary with you when reading to ensure that you look up any unknown words. As discussed earlier, a dictionary is not always needed. However, there will be times when this is the only way to understand the meaning of the word. Be sure to look up the word so that you are able to understand the information in the passage.