KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope- Prospects for Dark Matter Detection Paschal Coyle, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille IDM08, Stockholm, 2 August 2008

What is KM3NeT ? An acronym for KM3 Neutrino Telescope A future deep-sea Research Infrastructure hosting a km3 scale neutrino telescope and facilities for associated marine and earth sciences A consortium between the groups/institutions that have developed the pilot neutrino telescope projects in the Mediterranean Sea (Antares, Nemo, Nestor) Two projects funded by the EU (FP6 & FP7): –Design Study ( ): aims at developing a cost-effective design for the construction of a km3 scale neutrino telescope –Preparatory Phase ( ): preparing for the construction by defining the legal, financial and governance issues as well as the pre-production of the telescope components

Science with High-Energy Neutrinos Astroparticle physics –Point sources of high-energy neutrinos –galactic (  quasars, SNR, PWN, SN….) –extragalactic (AGN, GRBs….) –The diffuse neutrino flux –Neutrinos from Dark Matter annihilation –Particle Physics –Cross sections at UHE –Neutrino oscillations –Tests of Lorentz invariance Search for exotics –Magnetic monopoles –Nuclearites, strangelets, … Earth and marine sciences –long-term, continuous measurements in the deep-sea –marine biology, oceanography, geology/geophysics, … - neutrino tomography of earth

ANTARES+NEMO+NESTOR+OTHERS France: CEA/Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3 (CPP Marseille, IreS Strasbourg, APC Paris-7), Univ. Mulhouse/GRPHE, IFREMER Italy: CNR/ISMAR, INFN (Univs. Bari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma-1, LNS Catania, LNF Frascati), INGV, Tecnomare SpA Greece: HCMR, Hellenic Open Univ., NCSR Demokritos, NOA/Nestor, Univ. Athens Germany: Univ. Erlangen, Univ. Kiel Netherlands: NIKHEF/FOM (incl. Univ. Amsterdam, Univ. Utrecht, KVI Groningen), NIOS Spain: IFIC/CSIC Valencia, Univ. Valencia, UP Valencia UK: Univ. Aberdeen, Univ. Leeds, Univ. Liverpool, Univ. Sheffield Ireland: Dublin Institute for advanced studies Cyprus: Univ. Cyprus Particle/Astroparticle institutes (30) – Sea science/technology institutes (7) – Coordinators KM3NeT Partners

2500m 3500m 4500m Three Pilot Projects

not observed Mkn 501 Mkn 421 CRAB SS433 not observed Mkn 501 RX J GX339-4 SS433 CRAB VELA Centre galactique 3C 279 galactic centre: 2/3 of the time Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.1 degrees Instantaneous common view: 0.5  sr Averaged common view : 1.5  sr Galactic centre: not seen Angular resolution E>10 TeV: ~0.7 degrees KM3NET (43° north) ICECUBE (south pole) Complementarity with ICECUBE

Timeline Towards Construction

KM3NeT Conceptual Design Report Downloadable from the KM3NeT web site: Describes the scientific objectives, and the concepts behind the design, construction and operation of the KM3NeT Research Infrastructure

Some Design Goals Sensitivity to exceed IceCube by “substantial factor” Core process:  +N   +X at neutrino energies beyond 100 GeV Lifetime > 10 years without major maintenance, construction and deployment < 4 years Cost reductions by more than factor 2 cf Antares Angular resolution ~ 0.1 degrees (E >10 TeV)  time resolution 2 ns  position of OMs to better than 40 cm accuracy

Configuration Studies Various geometries and OM configurations have been studied None is optimal for all energies and directions Local coincidence requirement poses important constraints

Reference Detector Geometry: –Optimised for TeV –15 x 15 vertical detection units on rectangular grid, horizontal distances 95 m –each carries 37 OMs, vertical distances 15.5 m –each OM with 21 * 3’’ PMTs NOT the final KM3NeT design! effective area of reference detector

12 Indirect Detection from Sun Local density~ GeV/cm 3 Local velocity~ km/s SUN Large mass, but further away spin-dependent+spin independent Annihilation in equilibrium Point source-cone angle~3  Visible ~50% of time EARTH Small mass, but close Only spin independent- resonant at 56 GeV Annihilation not in equilibrium Non-point like source: cone angle~40  Visible 100% of time

MSugra Modelling Four free parameters + one sign parameter space at GUT scale Dark Matter relic density known from WMAP measurement (2б  < ΩCDMh2 < 0.129) Calculations based on DarkSUSY Neutrino oscillations in matter and vacuum included ISASUGRA RGEcode used Top quark mass GeV NFW halo model (0.3 GeV/cm³ at solar position) Scanned Parameter Space: 0 < m0 < 8000 GeV 0 < m½ < 2000 GeV sign (μ) = +1 -3m0 < A0 < 3m0 0 < tan (  ) < 60

MSugra: KM3NeT expected exclusion

MSugra: KM3NeT Versus Direct Detection Blue: ANTARES Green: KM3NeT Red: Neither

MSugra Parameter Space

MSugra: KM3NeT versus CDMS

MSugra: KM3NeT versus Edelweis II

MSugra: KM3NeT versus SuperCDMS

UED Modelling Kaluza-Klein(KK) theory: Universal Extra-Dimensions(UED) model - all SM fields propagate through the compactified spatial δ extra-dimensions If δ = 1 then 1/R ≧ 280 GeV (from accelerator constraints) Lightest KK Particle (LKP), first excitation of the hypercharge gauge boson B(1), is stable and is the DM candidate Coannihilation of LKP with next to lightest KK particle (NLKP) Δ ≡ (m NLKP -m LKP )/m NLKP, Small Δ  larger relic density Ω CDM h 2 = 0.11± (WMAP, 3yrs)  400<mLKP<800 GeV

UED Monte Carlo Use “WIMPSIM” Monte Carlo (release 03/2008) (Blennow, Edsjö, Ohlsson, arXiv: ) Capture and annihilation rates in equilibrium in the Sun Annihilations in c,b and t quarks, τ lepton and direct neutrino channels All known matter interactions taken into account with a “Bahcall” Sun medium model 3-flavor oscillations, lepton τ regeneration through the Sun medium Vacuum oscillation between sun and Earth

UED: Neutrino rates at Earth Tau channel dominant

UED: Neutrino rates at Earth Direct neutrino production significant at high Z

UED: KM3NeT expected exclusion KM3NeT

Summary The successful construction and operation of Antares demonstrate the feasibility of km3-scale underwater high-energy neutrino telescopy  new window on the non-thermal universe The KM3NeT consortium is progressing towards the completion of the Technical Design Report which will define the technological solutions for the construction of a km3-scale telescope in the Mediterranean Sea Neutrino Telescopes provide unique signature for dark matter annihilation-complementary to that from direct detection MSugra: most of the focus point region can be excluded UED: delta<0.1 can be completely excluded