Nouns Notes

Before: Notes

Nouns Concrete: a physical person, place, or thing. Noun: person, place, or thing. Concrete: a physical person, place, or thing. Ex: desks, Mr. Morton, candy bars Abstract: an idea or quality. Ex: happiness, speed, freedom If you can touch it, it’s a concrete noun.

Common and Proper Nouns Common Noun: a general person, place, or thing. Ex: doctor, store, book Proper Noun: a specific person, place, thing, or brand name. Ex: Doctor Phil, Target, Scumble

Capitalization Rules The first letter of a sentence is always capitalized. The pronoun “I” is always capitalized. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Examples: Chicago, Illinois, the Mississippi River, Chris, The Simpsons, English, Chicken McNuggets, Nike Jordan

Abbreviations A title of respect is used with the name of a person . Titles begin with an uppercase letter and many are abbreviated with a period after them. President Obama Mr. Scott Mrs. Hudson Dr. Dan Abbreviations for weights and measures begin with a lowercase letter. Abbreviations for metric measurements do not have periods after them. yard= yd. meter= m

Other Common Abbreviations Days of the week: Sun. Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Sat. Months: Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

State Abbreviations Alabama AL Alaska AK Arizona AZ Arkansas AR California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Delaware DE Florida FL Georgia GA Hawaii HI Idaho ID Illinois IL Indiana IN Iowa IA Kansas KS Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Maine ME Maryland MD Massachusetts MA Michigan MI Minnesota MN Mississippi MS Missouri MO Montana MT Nebraska NE Nevada NV New Hampshire NH New Jersey NJ New Mexico NM New York NY North Carolina NC North Dakota ND Ohio OH Oklahoma OK Oregon OR Pennsylvania PA Rhode Island RI South Carolina SC South Dakota SD Tennessee TN Texas TX Utah UT Vermont VT Virginia VA Washington WA West Virginia WV Wisconsin WI Wyoming WY

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Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea Singular Noun names ONE person, place, thing, or idea Plural Noun names more than one person, place, thing, or idea

Plurals Most plural nouns are formed by adding –s picture/pictures wing/wings day/days Add –es to nouns ending in ch, sh, x, z, s, and ss bunch/bunches wish/ wishes box/boxes class/classes If a noun ends in a consonant and y, change the y to i and add –es berry/berries spy/ spies day/days turkey/turkeys

Plurals Some nouns have irregular plural forms. They change spelling. mouse/mice goose/geese child/children woman/women man/men tooth/teeth For most nouns that end in f or fe, change f to v, and add –es leaf/leaves knife/knives calf/calves wife/wives Some only add –s chief/chiefs

Plurals Some nouns have the same singular and plural noun forms. sheep deer headquarters series elk moose trout For compound nouns, make only the important word plural. fathers-in law secretaries of state mothers-in-law

Plurals If a noun ends in a vowel and o, add -s video/videos radio/radios rodeo/rodeos studio/studios Check a dictionary for plurals of nouns ending in consonant o. **Some add –s **Some add –es photo/photos potato/potatoes banjo/banjos hero/heroes echo/echoes

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Possessive nouns are used to show possession (owning, or having).

The dog's collar is too large. The word "dog's" is the possessive noun. It tells you that the noun "collar" belongs to the dog. The dog owns, or possesses the collar. Add 's to the end of a singular noun to make it possessive.

We saw the children's snowman. Add only the apostrophe (') to the end of a plural noun that ends with an s. Add 's to the end of a plural noun that does not end with an s.

My sisters' names are Kate and Nikki. Optional: If the noun is singular and ends with an s, add 's or add only the apostrophe (').