قسم الجيوماتكس Geomatics Department King AbdulAziz University Faculty of Environmental Design GIS Components GIS Fundamentals GEOM 121 Reda Yaagoubi, Ph.D. Week 1

قسم الجيوماتكس What is GIS Geomatics is an evolving discipline concerning the acquisition, transformation, management, distribution, and sharing of Geographical Information. Geomatics embraces a board community including surveying and geomatics engineers, geographers, planners, landscape architecture, computer scientists and geosciences. Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس What is GIS Geographic Information: Geographic: (Where?) It refers to the localisation and the form of Objects or Phenomena related to the Real World. Information: (What?) It refers to the quantitative and qualitative non- geometric description of the object or the phenomena in the real world. Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس What is GIS Geographic Information System: System: (Interaction and interdependent components) It refers to the Technological Infrastructure, People, Data and Methods that deal with Objects or Phenomena of the Real World. Source: Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Definitions of GIS Geographic Information System As a Software: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are computerized software for the input, manipulation, storage, analysis and output of geographic information. As a System: Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of computer Software, hardware, data and personnel to help manipulate, analyse and present information that is tied to a spatial location. Geographic Information Science (GISc) As a Science: Consider fundamental questions raised by the use of systems and technologies that deal with geographic information (NCGIA) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS Input: Gathering Data from various sources Manipulation: Converting data from one form to another Management : This include the way of storage in order to retrieve, select and view data easily and efficiently Analysis: Perform Query and Spatial Analysis in order to produce new information Visualization: Rendering Geographic Information in various ways depending on the application A Geographical Information System is used to perform five main tasks: Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس History of GIS Lecture 1: GIS Components Source: (GeoWorld August, 2007)

قسم الجيوماتكس CAD vs. GIS Lecture 1: GIS Components Source: Drafting Oriented Approach (Poor Analysis)

قسم الجيوماتكس CAD vs. GIS Lecture 1: GIS Components Source: Spatial Database Oriented Approach (Rich Analysis and Query)

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (1) : INPUT (Data Model) Real World Lecture 1: GIS Components Acquisition Data Model Source: Raster Format Vector Format

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (1) : INPUT (Reference Systems) Data Model Thematic Layer: Raster Format Or Vector Format Geoid ( Elevation ) Ellipsoid ( Longitude Latitude ) Cartographic Projection System ( Planimetric coordinates ) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Source: Purposes of GIS (2) MANIPULATION (Conversion) Raster Data Vector Data Points, Lines, Polygons Pixels Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Source: Purposes of GIS (2) MANIPULATION (Conversion) Cartesian System (X,Y) Longitude / Latitude Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Source: Purposes of GIS (2) MANIPULATION (Conversion) Projection System II (X2,Y2) Projection System I (X1, Y1) Aitoff Projection Robinson Projection Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Source: Purposes of GIS (2) MANIPULATION (Conversion) Specification Generalisation Small scale Large scale Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (2) MANIPULATION (Editing) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (3) MANAGEMENT (Storage) Storing Spatial Data by using a Spatial DBMS (DataBase Management System). Efficient Spatial Data Storage Easy retrieval of Spatial Data Integration of various types of data sets Managing a large volume of data Source: Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (3) MANAGEMENT (Database Model) Source: Use of Modeling Language (e.g.. UML Unified Modeling Language) to design the relation schema between the Objects stored in the Spatial Database (or Geodatabase in the case of ESRI products) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (4) ANALYSIS (Query) Performing analysis and query to produce customized data or new geographical information. Query (Select By Attribute) Source: webhelp.esri.com Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (4) ANALYSIS (Spatial Analysis) Topological Operators (Select By Location) Source: www. personal.psu.edu Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (4) ANALYSIS (Spatial Analysis) Source: Spatial Analysis (Density Analysis of Schools) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (4) ANALYSIS (Spatial Analysis – 3D) Source: 3D Analysis (Viewshed Analysis) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (5) Source: VISUALIZATION (Rendering) Rendering Geographical Information in various manners depending on the users and the application. Digital Map Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (5) Source: VISUALIZATION (Rendering) Ortho- image (with Layers) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (5) Source: VISUALIZATION (Rendering) Digital Terrain Model (Aspect + Hillshade +Elevation) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Purposes of GIS (5) Source: VISUALIZATION (Rendering) Digital Terrain Model (Flood Video Simulation) Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Urban and Regional Planning Architecture Agriculture Archeology Biology Business Defense Environment and Hydrology Civil Engineering Geography Geology Emergency History Oceanography Sport Telecommunication Transportation Tourism … Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Urban and Regional Planning Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس GIS Components Applications of GIS Source: Environment

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Business Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Transportation Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Oceanography Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Applications of GIS Source: Telecommunication Lecture 1: GIS Components

قسم الجيوماتكس Lecture 1: GIS Components Summary Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system of computer Software, hardware, data and personnel to help manipulate, analyse and present information that is tied to a spatial location. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to perform five main tasks: Input, Manipulation, Management, Analysis, and Visualization. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used in many fields such as Urban and Regional Planning, Architecture, Environment and Hydrology Civil Engineering, Telecommunication, Transportation, …

قسم الجيوماتكس Real World Need Assessment Data Collection and Edition Data Manipulation and Management Data Analysis and Visualization Decision and Action GIS Workflow Lecture 1: GIS Components Summary

قسم الجيوماتكس Lecture 1: GIS Components Reference Systems in GIS GIS Fundamentals GEOM 121 Week 2

قسم الجيوماتكس Lecture 1: GIS Components