C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Potentially Polluting Wrecks (PPW) UK Risk Database & it’s Applications Nicola Goodwyn ABPmer, Southampton, UK Tuesday June 7th WOW II Conference, MD, USA

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Overview ABPmer- Who Are We? UK Potentially Polluting Wrecks Threat Classification Database Results Case Studies & Applications Further Work Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t ABPmer –Who Are We?  Leading UK Marine Environmental Consultancy  Extensive track record in leading & contributing to environmental studies across a wide range of industries  Work for Private and Public sectors, Ports, Coastal Management, Industry, Policy & Planning and Energy Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Risks of PPW Human Safety Damage to Marine & Coastal Environment Hazard to Navigation High Economic Clean-up Costs Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Worst Case Scenarios-Torrey Canyon picture Images courtesy of bbc.co.uk Images courtesy of guardian.co.uk Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t UK Scale of the PPW Problem 25,000+ Recorded Wrecks & Obstructions around UK ca. 50% of identified ‘Live’ vessels are WWI/WWII 37% Dead or Lifted/ Salvaged

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Project Overview Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work Overall Aim: To create a database which classified shipwrecks in UK waters as high, medium, or low risk potential pollutants Funders: Maritime Coastguard Agency (MCA) & Ministry of Defence (MoD) Phases: 1:Information Availability and Possible Pollutants Analysis; 2:Database Format Research; and 3:Implementation and Creation of Database.

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Vessel Selection Criteria Location= Wrecks located within the UK Pollution Control Zone Age- Wrecks sunk since 1870 ‘Live’ Vessels Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Hazards & Risk where a hazard is defined as ‘a potential to threaten human life, health, property or the environment’ (International Maritime Organisation (IMO)). (IMO, 2002) Standard equation Hazard Risk = Severity x Likelihood, Hazard Types POLLUTION RISK –Oil Pollution –Chemical Pollution –Hydrocarbon Pollution SAFETY RISK –Unexploded Ordnance Munitions Cargo Vessel Armaments Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t How We Assessed Risk Two Stages of Risk Calculation involved Stage 1: Assess Severity i.e. identify and evaluate potential pollutants; Stage 2: Assess Likelihood i.e. Used GIS layers that represented the processes and features affecting the likelihood of impact of the potential pollutant; Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Risk Factors Vessel & Cargo Designations Economic Marine Conservation Designations Wreck proximity to important spawning grounds Historical/archaeological sites Recreation (dive sites and swimming beaches) Marine Activities (Aggregates & Oil and Gas) Tidal currents, Swell exposure Seabed morphology How enclosed is the wreck Local Sea Area Processes United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) National Monuments Record (NMR) Lloyds Register Regional Heritage Wreck Databases

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t A Risk Matrix- Overview Hazard Risk Component s Sector No. of Assessme nt Criteria Information Included Severity (a) Severity of Pollution Risk Pollution3 The amount and type of cargo stored on the wreck (b) Severity of Safety Risk Safety1 The amount and type of explosives stored on the wreck Likelihood (c) Conditional Likelihood Wreck Condition6 Background information and condition of the vessel. Local sea area process 4 Physical processes occurring in the area e.g. hydrodynamics and sedimentology. (d) Impact Likelihood Environmental & Heritage Sensitivity 3 Ecological information related to the conservation and protection of species and habitats & designated wreck sites. Economic2 Economic considerations related to stakeholders and valuable resources. Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t How We Prioritised Risk High risk The wreck poses a significant threat to human and natural resources with further action/mitigation required. Medium risk The wreck poses a minor threat to human and natural resources and should be monitored with a reassessment undertaken if conditions change. Low risk The threat posed by the wreck is minimal with no further action required. Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t GIS Results -UK PPW Database Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Statistical Results- PPW Database Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Case Study 1- High Risk PPW Image courtesy of ADUS SS Richard Montgomery Safety Risk Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Case Study 2- Medium Risk PPW The Royal Oak- Scapa Flow Pollution Risk Image courtesy of ADUS Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Other Uses- Scotland’s Marine Atlas Website link ns/2011/03/ /66 Outlined Pressures and impacts: heritage assets and the wider environment Pressure theme: Pollution and other chemical pressures Pressure: Pollution Impact: From substances within wrecks of ships and aircraft, and some coastal structures Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Further Work 25% of vessels that could not be risk classified should be further assessed on a case by case basis using additional data from sources such as fishermen, marine developer reports. Assess Cumulative and In-Combination effects- i.e. a density of PPW over an area should also be considered. Munitions dumps should also be considered and assessed for risk Other types of Vessels & UCH should be included such as Aviation, Landing Craft, in future Spacecraft Overview Database Project Results Case Studies Further work

C r e a t I n g s u s t a I n a b l e s o l u t I o n s I n t h e m a r I n e e n v I r o n m e n t Thanks for listening Questions? Nicola Goodwyn ABPmer +44 (0) c r e a t i n g s u s t a i n a b l e s o l u t i o n s I n t h e m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t