Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till

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Presentation transcript:

Comparing Conventional Tillage and No Till Sudeep Singh Sidhu SOIL 4213

What Is Tillage? The operation, practice or art of tilling or preparing land for sowing, and keeping the ground in proper state for growth of crops. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Tillage

WHY PERFORM TILLAGE THE PHYSICAL MANIPULATION OF THE SOIL FOR THE PURPOSES OF: Management of previous crop residues Control of competing vegetation Incorporation of amendments Preparation of a seedbed CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE LEAVES 5- 10% SURFACE RESIDUE

Types of tillage Primary Secondary tillage Incorporation of plant residues and fertilizers Secondary tillage Weed Management Seed bed preparation

Primary Tillage Plows

Secondary Tillage

Disadvantages Loss of SOM Expensive – Labor, Equipments, Time & Fuel Less water holding capacity Wind and water erosion Destruction of soil pores Aggregate Breakdown- Crusting Compaction- Restricts root growth & water infiltration

INTENSIVE TILLAGE PROMOTES SOIL EROSION

Wind Erosion

CROP RESIDUE IS STILL THE BEST EROSION PREVENTION TOOL REDUCED DETACHMENT HINDERS OVERLAND FLOW IMPROVED INFILTRATION ROTATIONS MAINTAIN SOIL STRUCTURE

Soil is Never Disturbed No Till - Definition Planting crops without prior seedbed preparation, into an existing cover crop, or crop residues, and eliminating subsequent tillage operations. Plant Cover Kill Cover Soil is Always Covered Soil is Never Disturbed Harvest Plant Crop

Advantages ↑ Soil Organic Matter ↑ Water conservation ↑ Available nitrogen ↑ Water Stable Aggregates – gums, gels etc ↑ Biological Activity ↓ Erosion ↓ Heat Stress ↓ Summer Fallowing ↓ Weed Population

Heat Stress and Yield Treatment Heat Stress Index (oC) Biomass (kg/ ha) Yield 5 cm 10 cm NT 1278 896 4090 966 CT 2402 1698 1574 391 HSI = Σ (Ti – Tc ) Wang et al. (2007)

Nutrient Loss Lankoski et al (2006)

Cost ?? Lankoski et al (2006)

References Lankoski, J., Ollikainen, M. and Uusitalo, P. (2006). No-till technology: benefits to farmers and the environment? Theoretical analysis and application to Finnish agriculture. European Review of Agricultural Economics 33: 193-221. Wang, H., Lemke, R., Goddard, T. and Sprout, C. (2007). Tillage and root heat stress in wheat in central Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 87: 3-10. http://southcenters.osu.edu/soil/compact.htm http://www.extsoilcrop.colostate.edu/Newsletters/2002/May www.nhaindia.com/images/cultivator.jpg www.topcropmanager.com

Continued… www.auri.org/proproj/rottine1.jpg http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/tillage_2.html www.thunderdisc.com/images/graphics/1000024.jpg www.funkworkz.com/.../MoldboardPlowAfter.JPG www.tulsipeople.com/.../05/india%20farming.jpg www.ccma.vic.gov.au/soilhealth/ www.auri.org/proproj/rottine1.jpg

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