© 2005 by Prentice Hall Identifying and Selecting Systems Development Projects Modern Systems Analysis and Design Fourth Edition Jeffrey A. Hoffer Joey F. George Joseph S. Valacich

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-2 Learning Objectives Describe the project identification and selection process. Describe corporate strategic planning and information systems planning. Explain the relationship between corporate strategic planning and IS planning. Describe how IS planning can assist in system development project identification and selection. Analyze IS planning matrices. Describe three classes of E-Commerce applications. وصف المشروع وتحديد عملية الاختيار. وصف التخطيط الاستراتيجي للشركات و تخطيط نظم المعلومات. شرح العلاقة بين التخطيط الاستراتيجي للشركات وتخطط نظم المعلومات. وصف كيفية التخطيط يمكن أن تساعد في تطوير نظام تحديد المشاريع والاختيار. تحليل مصفوفات تخطيط نظم المعلومات. وصف ثلاث فئات من تطبيقات التجارة الإلكترونية.

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-3

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-4 Project Identification Tasks Identifying potential development projects Identification from a stakeholder group Classifying and ranking potential IS projects Using value chain analysis or other evaluation criteria Selecting projects Based on various factors تحديد مشاريع التنمية المحتملة - تحديد من مجموعة أصحاب المصلحة تصنيف وترتيب مشاريع نظم المعلومات المحتملة باستخدام تحليل سلسلة القيمة أو غيرها من معايير التقييم اختيار المشاريع استنادا إلى عوامل مختلفة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-5 Each stakeholder group brings their own perspective and motivation to the IS decision.

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-6 Value chain analysis: analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products/services and the costs incurred for doing so.

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-7 Factors for Project Selection

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-8 Multicriteria Analysis Each requirement or constraint: Score = weight X rating Each alternative: sum scores across requirements/constraints Alternative with highest score wins

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-9 Corporate Strategic Planning Ongoing process that defines mission, objectives, and strategies of an organization Corporate strategy involves: Mission statement Objective statements Description of competitive strategy  العملية الجارية التي تحدد مهمة وأهداف واستراتيجيات منظمة استراتيجية الشركة تتضمن : بيان الرسالة هدف تصريحات وصف الاستراتيجية التنافسية

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-10 Mission Statement Concise statement about the main business of the organization بيان موجز عن الأعمال الرئيسية للمنظمة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-11 Statement of Objectives A series of statements that express quantitative and qualitative goals for the future position of an organization سلسلة من البيانات التي تعبر عن الأهداف الكمية والنوعية للموقف في المستقبل للمنظمة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-12 Competitive Strategy The method by which the organization will attempt to satisfy its mission and objectives Main types: Low-cost producer Product differentiation Product focus or niche الاستراتيجية التنافسية الطريقة التي سوف تحاول المنظمة تلبية رسالتها وأهدافها الأنواع الرئيسية : منتج منخفضة التكلفة تمايز المنتجات التركيز المنتج أو المتخصصة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-13 Information Systems Planning (ISP) An orderly means of assessing the information needs of an organization and defining systems, databases, and technologies that will best meet those needs ISP must be done in accordance with the organization's mission, objectives, and competitive strategy. وسيلة منتظمة لتقييم الاحتياجات من المعلومات لتنظيم وتحديد النظم وقواعد البيانات ، والتقنيات التي من شأنها أن تلبي هذه الاحتياجات ويجب أن يتم وفقا لرؤية المنظمة والأهداف والاستراتيجية التنافسية.

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-14 Strategic and IS Planning Relationships IS planning must be kept in line with corporate strategic planning. تخطيط نظم المعلومات يجب أن يبقى في خط مع التخطيط الاستراتيجي للشركات.

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-15 Approaches to IS Planning Top-down planning Attempts to gain a broad understanding of information system needs of the entire organization Bottom-up planning Identifies IS development projects based on solving specific operational business problems or taking advantage of specific opportunities نهج تخطيط نظام المعلومات من أعلى إلى أسفل التخطيط محاولات للحصول على تفهم واسع لنظام المعلومات احتياجات المنظمة بأكملها التخطيط من أسفل إلى أعلى يحدد مشاريع التنمية لنظم المعلومات القائمة على حل مشاكل محددة في الأعمال التنفيذية أو الاستفادة من فرص محددة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-16 Benefits of Top-Down Planning Broader perspective Improved integration Improved management support Better understanding But, bottom-up planning can be faster and less costly, so may be beneficial in certain circumstances منظور أوسع تحسين التكامل دعم تحسين إدارة فهم أفضل ولكن ، والتخطيط من أسفل إلى أعلى يمكن أن يكون أسرع وأقل تكلفة ، قد يكون ذلك مفيدا في ظروف معينة

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-17 Identifying Functions, Processes, and Data Entities

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-18 Functional Decomposition Decomposition: breaking high- level abstract information into smaller units for more detailed planning التحلل : كسر معلومات مجردة رفيع المستوى إلى وحدات أصغر لتخطيط أكثر تفصيلا

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-19 IS Planning Matrix Matrices describe relationships between pairs of organizational elements (location, function, business unit, objective, process, data, information system).

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-20 IS Plan Components Briefly describe mission, objectives, and strategy of the organization

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-21 IS Plan Components (cont.) Provide summary of current and future processes, functions, data entities, and information needs of the enterprise

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-22 IS Plan Components (cont.) Describe primary role IS will play in the organization to transform enterprise from current to future state

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-23 IS Plan Components (cont.) Describe limitations imposed by technology and current levels of financial, technical, and personnel resources

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-24 IS Plan Components (cont.) Summarize overall information systems needs in the company and set long-term strategies for filling the needs

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-25 IS Plan Components (cont.) Show detailed inventory of present projects and systems and detailed plan for the current year

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-26 IS Plan Components (cont.) Describe unknown but likely events that can affect the plan, presently known business change elements, and description of their impact on the plan

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-27 Electronic Commerce Applications The Internet A large worldwide network of networks that use a common protocol to communicate with each other Electronic Commerce Internet-based communications to support day-to-day business activities

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-28 Three Modes of E-Commerce Internet-based Supports business activities between a business and individual consumers Intranet-based Supports business activities within a single organization Extranet-based Supports business-to-business activities A form of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) – use of telecommunications for direct transfer of business documents between organizations

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-29 Issues in Internet Application Development

© 2005 by Prentice Hall 4-30 Summary In this chapter you learned how to: Describe the project identification and selection process. Describe corporate strategic planning and information systems planning. Explain the relationship between corporate strategic planning and IS planning. Describe how IS planning can assist in system development project identification and selection. Analyze IS planning matrices. Describe three classes of E-Commerce applications.