Lecture 10: BIOS and DOS Programming

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 10: BIOS and DOS Programming

The 80x86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers Chapter 4 BOIS and DOS Programming in Assembly and C

BIOS and DOS Interrupts You can use those useful subroutines within BIOS and DOS to implement your applications You can “CALL” those subroutines by explicitly embedding BIOS and DOS interrupt instructions in your program We study: INT 10h (BIOS interrupt) and INT 21h (DOS interrupt) Each one can perform many functions See Appendices D and E for the complete function lists

BIOS INT 10H Programming INT 10H subroutines are burned into the ROM BIOS (in 80x86-based IBM PCs) Used to communicate with the computer’s screen video E.g., changing the color of characters or background color, cleaning the screen, changing the location of the cursor, drawing lines on the screen By setting AH with different values, you can “call” those functions

Scrolling Window Scroll window up Scroll window down AH=06h Code example: clear the screen Scroll window down AH=07h

Set cursor position AH=02h

Set Video Mode AH=00h In text mode, the screen is viewed as a matrix of rows and columns of characters E.g., AL = 03h: VGA 80x25 chars, 16 colors In graphics mode, the screen is viewed as a matrix of horizontal and vertical pixels Each pixel can have different color The size of video memory decides the number of pixels and colors E.g., AL = 13H: VGA 320x200 pixels, 256 colors

Draw Pixel AH=0CH (b) Set the mode to VGA of 320x200 resolution

DOS Interrupt 21H Provided by MS-DOS Based on BIOS-ROM After the DOS is loaded into the memory, you can invoke INT 21H to perform some extremely useful functions E.g., input from keyboard, display results on screen By setting AH with different values, you can invoke those functions

Output String on Screen AH=09H Can be used to send a set of ASCII data to the monitor DX is set to the offset address of the ASCII string to be displayed (DS is assumed to be the data segment) All characters will be displayed until it encounters the dollar sign “$”

Exit to DOS AH=4CH AL=00H MOV AX, 4C00H INT 21H