Cat and Dog Preventative Medicine: Breeding and Genetic Medicine Dr. N. Matthew Ellinwood, D.V.M., Ph.D. April 2, 2012 I OWA S TATE U NIVERSITY C OLLEGE OF A GRICULTURE AND L IFE S CIENCES

Breeding Management and Disease Prevention Infectious Agents Genetic Disease –Simple –Complex

Infectious Disease Canine Agents Feline Agents

Canine Agents Brucella canis –Cause of reproductive failure and zoonotic Transmissible canine venereal tumor –Tumor cells are the infectious agent –Over 6000 years old –Current form is years old –Issue in tropics/subtropics

Feline Agents Retroviruses –FIV –FeLV

Feline Blood Type Incompatibility B queens bred to A toms or A carrier toms –Blood typing –DNA testing for B carrier status

B Blood Frequency by Breed

Breeds at Risk (Summary) Exclusive A cats –Siamese –Tonkinese –Oriental Shorthair Other breeds at risk ranging from 1% to greater than 25% (i.e. British shorthairs)

Cardiac Evaluation and Thyroid Evaluation Heart –Echo –Dipl. ACVIM (Cardio) Thyroid –Blood tests –OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals)

Recessive Genetic Disease in Dogs and Cats Dozens of genetic disease in dogs and cats for which genetic tests exist DNA based tests are usually breed specific Some breeds share mutations Involve serious inherited recessive diseases of various body systems –Vision –Lysosomal Storage Diseases –Hematological Disorders

Breed Specific Tests Miniature Poodle Miniature Schnauzer Newfoundland Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers Papillon Pembroke Welsh Corgi Poodles (all varieties) Portuguese Water Dog Samoyeds Schipperke Scottish Terrier Shetland Sheepdog Shih Tzu Siberian Huskies Sloughis Toy Poodles West Highland White Terrier Wheaten Terrier Whippet Wire-haired Pointing Griffon Airdale Terrier American Cocker Spaniels Australian Cattle Dogs Australian Shepherd Basenji Basset Hound Bedlington Terrier Bernese Mountain Dog Briard Brittany Spaniel Bull Terrier Bullmastiffs Cairn Terrier Cardigan Welsh Corgi Chesapeake Bay Retrievers Curly-Coated Retriever Dachshunds Dalmatian Doberman Pinscher English Cocker Spaniels English Pointer English Setter English Springer Spaniel Field Spaniel Flat-coated Retriever German Short-haired Pointer German Wire-haired Pointer Golden Retriever Great Dane Greyhound Irish Setters Irish Red & White Setters Kerry Blue Terrier Labrador Retriever Large Munsterlander Lhasa Apso Manchester Terrier Mastiffs Miniature Pinschers

Commercial DNA Based Testing Testing for diseases Testing for traits (hair coat color) Testing for parentage Testing for heritage University based, single tests –Usually developer of tests University based, multiple tests and services Commercial laboratories, University spin-offs Commercial laboratories, usually little to no development Price $75-$150 Who you gonna call?

Vet Gen Coat Color Tests The B and b alleles of the dog –Three mutations in Tyrosinase Related Protein- 1 (TRP1) involved in the chocolate coat color in “bb” Labrador retrievers (and dogs of many other breeds). The E and e alleles of the dog –One mutation in the the Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R) gene that causes the the yellow coat color in “ee” dogs.

Orthopedic Evaluations OFA Penn Hip (1.5 years) HD (2 years of age) OCD ED Age (see above) Retesting –Penn Hip – no –HD - yes

Ocular Evaluations CERF evaluations –ACVO Frequency –Annually