The BEST thing we can do for NOW: INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY!!

Watts of electricity used: 60 w13-15 w KW of electricity used per year: 110 kW/yr25.5 kW/yr CO 2 emissions (lbs/yr) 150 lbs 35 lbs

Replace one incandescent lightbulb with a CFL and you will save this 500 lb pile of coal…

If we converted half of all light-bulbs to CFL’s, we would reduce CO 2 from lighting by 42.4 million tons a year, or 36%! –National Geographic

The Missing Power Plant: Instead of building a new 730-megawatt facility; an Austin, Texas, electric utility reduced demand by the same amount through rebates on energy-saving appliances and other programs. "Go into any store in Austin, and you can't buy an inefficient air conditioner," says general manager Roger Duncan. "They just stopped stocking them.“ – National Geographic

If we turned off home computers when not in use, we would cut their CO 2 impact by 8.3 million tons a year, or 50%! –National Geographic

If we improved our cars’ gas mileage by 5 miles per gallon, we could cut their emissions by 239 million tons each year, a 20% decrease! –National Geographic

RENEWABLE ENERGY!

1. Can be burned/used directly for heating 2. Can be used indirectly by using the heat to produce steam to turn the turbine…

3. Biogas digesters produce methane

Aka: anaerobic digester Anaerobic bacteria “eat” (decompose) organic waste: Review: Anaerobic Cell Resp. (Fermentation)!!!! a. Animal manure b. Leftover food waste c. Sewage sludge d. Crops such as silage e. Landfill waste!

BioFuel Process?? FERMENTATION!! 4. Methanol 5. Ethanol –LOW net energy, if not LOST???

Biodiesel:

–H H H H H \ / | \ / C C C | | | O O O \ \ \ C=O C=O C=O | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H-C-H H-C-H H-C-H | | | H H H It’s a hydrocarbon….

Cogeneration

6. Using two useful sources of energy from the same source. 7. Also called Combined Heat and Power (CHP) 8. Electricity AND Heat 9. Up to 90% efficient!!

A leak in the steam being carried under the streets of Manhattan – the steam heats, cools, or supplies power to high-rise building in Manhattan.

10.World’s fastest growing Energy source

11. high construction costs

Tidal Energy

Wave Energy

Hydrogen Fuel Cells Water is split through electrolysis = H 2 and 0 2 gas

How it works: – In the fuel cell, the H 2 is split into 2 H + ions (protons) and two e - (electrons) –The electrons flow through the cell (electron flow!!) –Everything comes together again = water

Passive solar energy: –Heating: 12. Windows with southern exposure (North. Hem.) 13. Thermal Mass: stone, concrete, adobe, brick

14. South. Hem.: north facing windows

Active 15. Water Heating

16. Solar floor heating (radiant floor heating)

Solar energy used to produce electricity 17. Photovoltaic Cells (PV Cells) Silicon semi-conductor “doped” with phosphorus and boron: paper-thin Sunlight energizes electrons creating an electric current No moving parts, no pollution, little maintainance

Solar energy on a bigger scale: –Solar thermal systems 18. Heliostats: move with the sun’s rays, aimed at a powertower 19. Power Tower: central receiving unit

20. Sunlight collected and focused and can heat: 21. Air 22. Oil 23. Water

Where is it most suitable?

Old system: Centralized Power (Macropower)

New System: Decentralized Power (micropower)

Government: Keep energy prices low to encourage use 24. Subsidies 25. Tax breaks 26. Regulations Keep energy prices high to discourage use 27. Withdraw tax breaks/subsidies 28. Regulations 29. Tax the use of that energy source