©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Audit of the Payroll and Personnel Cycle Chapter 18

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Learning Objective 1 Identify the accounts and transactions in the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder The overall objective in the audit of the payroll and personnel cycle is to evaluate whether the account balances affected by the cycle are fairly stated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Accounts in the Payroll and Personnel Cycle

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Accounts in the Payroll and Personnel Cycle Accrued Wages, Salaries, Bonuses, and Commissions PaymentBeginningbalance Earned wages, salaries, etc. Ending balance DirectLabor Cash in Bank Payment for salaries payroll taxes Withheld Income Taxes and Other Deductions PaymentBeginningbalance Payrollwithholding Ending balance

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Accounts in the Payroll and Personnel Cycle Cash in Bank Payment for salaries payroll taxes Withheld Income Taxes and Other Deductions PaymentBeginningbalance Payrollwithholding Ending balance Accrued Payroll Tax Expense PaymentBeginningbalance Payroll tax expense Ending balance Payroll Tax Expense

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Accounts in the Payroll and Personnel Cycle In most systems the accrued wages and salaries account is used only at the end of an accounting period.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Learning Objective 2 Describe the business functions and the related documents and records in the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Business Functions in the Cycle and Related Documents and Records The payroll and personnel cycle begins with the hiring of personnel and ends with payment to the employees for the services performed and to the government and other institutions for the withheld and accrued payroll taxes and benefits.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Personnel and Employment Personnel records Deduction authorization form Rate authorization form

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Timekeeping and Payroll Preparation Time Card Job Time Ticket Payroll Transaction File Payroll Journal Timekeeping and Payroll Preparation

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Payroll Master File A payroll master file is used for recording each payroll transaction for each employee and maintaining total employee wages paid for the year to date.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Payment of Payroll Payroll check Payroll bank account reconciliation

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Preparation of Payroll Tax Returns and Payment of Taxes W-2 Form Payroll tax returns

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Learning Objective 3 Understand internal control and design and perform tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Methodology for Designing Controls and Substantive Tests Understand internal control – payroll and personnel. Auditprocedures Samplesize Items to select Timing Assess planned control risk – payroll and personnel. Determine extent of testing controls. Design tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for payroll and personnel to meet transaction- related audit objectives.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Understand Internal Control – Payroll and Personnel Cycle Adequate separation of duties Adequate separation of duties Proper authorization Proper authorization Adequate documents and records Adequate documents and records Physical control over assets and records Physical control over assets and records Independent checks on performance Independent checks on performance

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Payroll Tax Forms and Payments Payment of the payroll taxes withheld and other withholdings on a timely basis Preparation of payroll tax forms

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Inventory and Fraudulent Payroll Considerations Relationship between payroll and inventory valuation Tests for nonexistent payroll

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Payroll Liabilities Phase I Identify client business risks affecting payroll liability accounts. Set tolerable misstatement and assess inherent risk for payroll liability accounts. Assess control risk for the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Payroll Liabilities Design and perform tests of controls and substantive tests of transactions for the payroll and personnel cycle. Phase II

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Methodology for Designing Tests of Balances for Payroll Liabilities Design and perform analytical procedures for the payroll and personnel cycle. Phase III Timing Items to selectSamplesizeAuditprocedures Design tests of details of payroll accounts balances to satisfy balance-related audit objectives.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Learning Objective 4 Design and perform analytical procedures for the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Analytical Procedures for the Payroll and Personnel Cycle Compare direct labor as a percentage of sales with previous years. Misstatement of direct labor and inventory. Analytical procedure Compare payroll expense account balances with previous years. Misstatement of payroll expense accounts. Possible misstatement

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Analytical Procedures for the Payroll and Personnel Cycle Analytical procedure Compare commission expense as a percentage of sales with previous years. Misstatement of commission expense and commission liability. Compare payroll tax expense as a percentage of salaries and wages with previous years. Misstatement of payroll tax expense and payroll tax liability. Possible misstatement Compare accrued payroll tax accounts with previous years. Misstatement of accrued payroll taxes and expense.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Learning Objective 5 Design and perform tests of details of balances for accounts in the payroll and personnel cycle.

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Two Major Balance-related Audit Objectives Accruals in the trial balance are stated at the correct amounts (accuracy). Transactions in the payroll and personnel cycle are recorded in the proper period (cutoff).

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Tests of Details of Balances for Liability Accounts  Amounts withheld from employees’ pay  Accrued salaries and wages  Accrued commissions  Accrued bonuses  Accrued vacation pay, sick pay, or other benefits or other benefits  Accrued payroll taxes

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Tests of Details of Balances for Expense Accounts  Officers’ compensation  Commissions  Payroll tax expense  Total payroll  Contract labor

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder Types of Audit Tests for the Payroll and Personnel Cycle TOC + STOT + AP + TDB = Sufficient competent evidence per GAAS Cash in BankPayrollLiabilities Direct Labor and Payroll Expenses PaymentsExpenses Audited by TOC, STOT, and AP EndingbalanceEndingbalance Audited by AP and TDB Audited by TOC, STOT, and AP

©2006 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 11/e, Arens/Beasley/Elder End of Chapter 18