Classroom Session 1. What is Blood? 2. Blood Uses and Components 3. Families of Blood (Types) 4. “What’s your Type?” 5. Need for Blood 6. Case Studies

What is Blood? Liquid tissue Most easily and widely shared of human tissues 52 per cent of Canadians say they or a family member have needed blood

Blood is necessary to live. Transports oxygen and nutrients to the tissues Carries carbon dioxide and waste products away from tissues Carries hormones to their target tissues Plays a role in temperature and fluid regulation Protects the body from bacteria and foreign substances

Blood volume in the average adult is: Blood Volume 5 to 6 Litres (Men) 4 to 5 Litres (Women)

Blood will settle into three distinct, proportional layers: Components of Blood Plasma White blood cells and platelets Red blood cells

ABABO Karl Landsteiner Blood Groups

Compatible Blood Transfusion Transfusion Reaction Blood Compatibility & Transfusion Reaction:

Antigen Antibody Determining Blood Group

Groups A and B B A B B BB B B B B A A AA A A A A B Group A blood: A antigens, B antibodies Group B blood: B antigens, A antibodies

If “A” Receives “B” (or if “B” Receives “A”)

Groups AB and O B AB A A AA B B B B Group AB blood: A and B antigens, no antibodies Group O blood: No antigens, A and B antibodies

The Rh System “D antigen” (protein) on red blood cells’ surface –When present, the person is Rh positive (85% Canadians) –When absent, the person is Rh negative (15% Canadians) If you are Rh positive… – You can receive Rh positive or Rh negative blood If you are Rh negative… –You can receive only Rh negative blood –“Anti-D antibodies”: produced when an Rh-negative person is exposed to red blood cells from an Rh-positive donor Creating a transfusion reaction

The Rh System and Compatibility If your type is…You can donate to…You can receive… A+A+, AB+A+, A-, O+, O- A-A+, AB+, A-, AB-A-, O- O+O+, A+, B+, AB+O+, O- O- All blood types (universal donor) O- B+B+, AB+B+, B-, O+, O- B-B+, AB+, B-, AB-B-, O- AB+ All blood types (universal recipient) AB-AB+, AB-AB-, A-, O-, B-

Three solutions used to type your blood: –Blue: mimics antibody A in plasma –Yellow: mimics antibody B in plasma –Clear: mimics D-antigen in plasma One drop of your blood in each solution –Observe various reactions –What’s your blood group? What’s Your Type?

Blood Transfusion Game

Percentage of Blood Types in Canada 36%6%39%7%7.6% 1.4%2.5%0.5%

How much blood do we need? Approximately every minute of every day 52% of Canadians say they or a family member have needed blood Emergencies –Car accident victims require up to 50 units Surgeries –Liver transplant patients require about 20, but maybe up to 100 units Ongoing treatment –Cancer – 8 units per week

Case Studies

Greg is a 17-year-old who was admitted to the hospital following a car crash. He suffered a crushing injury to his right leg and is booked for surgery. Greg’s blood group is Type AB+. Who in this class can give blood to Greg? Case Study #1

Benjamin is a three-month-old who was born with a major heart defect. He requires surgery to enable him to live past his first birthday. Benjamin’s blood group is Type B-. Who in this class can give blood to Benjamin? Case Study #2

Sarah is a five-year-old leukemia patient. She visits the hospital regularly to receive blood transfusions that she requires to continue fighting her disease. Sarah has Type A+ blood. Who in this class can give blood to Sarah? Case Study #3

Bill is a 50-year-old father of three teenage children. He is booked for heart surgery as two of the arteries in his heart are blocked. Bill’s blood group is Type O-. Who in this class can give blood to Bill? Case Study #4

John is a 60-year-old man who has just been admitted to the Emergency Department. He is vomiting large amounts of blood. His wife tells the physician that her husband has two stomach ulcers. The physician orders blood right away for this man. John’s blood type is unknown. What blood group will this man receive? Case Study #5

Sam is a 20-year-old man who was shot in the lower abdomen by accident. Because the hospital didn’t know his blood type, Sam received three units of Type O negative blood in Emergency. He is now booked for surgery. We now know that Sam’s blood is Type AB-. Who in this class can give blood to Sam? Case Study #6

1.Is it safe to donate blood? 2.Can I donate blood if… a)I’ve had a piercing or tattoo? b)I have a cold? c)I’m taking medication? d)I’ve traveled outside Canada? 3.How much of my blood will you take from my body? 4.What part(s) of my blood will you use? a)Red blood cells b)Plasma c)Platelets Students asked us… US National Cancer Institute

5.How long does my donated blood last? 6.Can I play sports or exercise after giving blood? 7.If I’m found ineligible to donate blood, does that mean I can never donate again? 8.How often can I give blood? Students asked us…

Every 56 days, or 6 times a year 71 years – 17 years = 54 years 54 years X 6 donations per year = 324 donations 324 X 3 lives = 972 lives saved in your lifetime Challenge: “25 by 25”25 by 25 Make 3 donations over 8 years (and one extra) 1 Hour Every 56 Days = 3 Lives

You must be: 17 years old In general good health, feeling well Step 1: Registration Bring proof of identity Step 2: Screening Haemoglobin Donor questionnaire Private interview with screening nurse Blood pressure, temperature Step 3: Donation Step 4: Recovery Refreshment area (cookies) Donation Process

And even…

Stem Cells Replace & re-grow damaged bone marrow Three sources Peripheral (circulating) blood Umbilical cord blood Bone marrow Chance of a matching family member is 30% Other 70% must find unrelated donor

The LifeBus Program In schools that can’t accommodate a mobile clinic, you can still be a hero! Our Life Bus program can bring students from your school into our permanent clinic sites to donate

Save a life today! If you’re 17 (or, when you turn 17)… Call DONATE