14 Step-by-Step Instructions for an Upgrade Installation n Prepare for the installation Verify that all devices and applications are Windows 2000 compatible Verify that you have at least 650 MB of free space on the hard drive Scan memory and hard drive for viruses Back up critical system files and data files, the registry, and data, if required Close all applications, disable virus-scanning software, decompress the hard drive if necessary

14 Step-by-Step Instructions for an Upgrade Installation n Perform the upgrade Insert the Windows 2000 CD in the CD-ROM drive and select “Yes” to upgrade Major phases of setup  Report phase  Setup phase PC reboots and Setup phase begins, which has two parts  Text mode  GUI mode PC reboots again and the GUI mode of Setup begins

14 Troubleshooting Problems with Windows 2000 n Problems that prevent the operating system from loading properly n Problems that occur after loading

14 Backing Up the System State n System State data Files critical to a successful operating system load  Files necessary to boot the OS  The Windows 2000 registry  All system files in the %SystemRoot% folder

14 Backing Up the System State

14 Understanding the Boot Process n Windows 2000 can be installed in two partitions The system partition  The active partition  Contains the files necessary to boot Windows 2000 in the root directory The boot partition  Contains the main Windows 2000 directory and usually contains the page file, which is used as virtual memory

14 Understanding the Boot Process

14 The Steps to Booting 1.System BIOS performs POST, then turns to the MBR on the hard drive for an OS 2.The MBR looks to the bootstrap loader program in boot sector of the active partition; bootstrap loader program executes ntldr, the Windows 2000 boot loader program 3.Ntldr reads Boot.ini and provides a boot loader menu for a dual booting system, if indicated continued

14 The Steps to Booting 4.Ntldr executes NTDetect.com to detect and configure the hardware present, reads information from the registry about device drivers, and loads them 5.Ntldr loads the Windows 2000 kernel, including the Hal.dll and Ntoskrnl.exe files, and passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe, the kernel-controlling module

14 Troubleshooting the Boot Process n Try the simple things first n Determine at what point in the boot process the system fails n Use a troubleshooting tool Advanced Options Menu Recovery Console Emergency Startup Disk

14 Advanced Options Menu n Can help if the problem is with a faulty device driver or system service

14 Advanced Options Menu n Safe Mode n Safe Mode with Networking n Safe Mode with Command Prompt n Enable Boot Logging n Enable VGA Mode n Last Known Good Configuration n Directory Services Restore Mode (Windows 2000 Domain Controllers Only) n Debugging Mode

14 Recovery Console n Used when the operating system does not start properly or hangs during the load n Provides a command-line interface for you to perform maintenance and repairs to a damaged registry, system files, and the file system on the hard drive

14 Recovery Console

14 Recovery Console

14 Recovery Console

14 Commands Available from the Recovery Console Attrib Batch Cd Chkdsk Cls Copy Del Dir Disable Diskpart Enable Exit Expand Fixboot Fixmbr Format Help Listsvc Logon Map Md or Mkdir More or Type Rd or Rmdir Rename or Ren Set Systemroot

14 Steps to Restore the Registry

14 Emergency Repair Process n To recover from problems with corrupted or missing operating system files or a corrupted hard drive boot sector n Use as a last resort; it restores the system to the state it was immediately after the Windows 2000 installation n Points to a folder on the hard drive where the registry was backed up at installation (%SystemRoot%\repair folder)

14 %SystemRoot%\repair Folder Contents

14 Creating an ERD

14 Creating an ERD

14 Maintenance Tools to Prevent and Solve Problems After the OS Loads n Chkdsk n Disk Defragmenter n Windows Update n System File Checker n Computer Management n Microsoft Management Console n Windows 2000 support tools n Other sources of support

14 Chkdsk n Scans a floppy disk or hard drive for lost clusters and cross-linked files and repairs them if you have included the /F option in the command line n Located in the %SystemRoot%\ System32 folder

14 Disk Defragmenter n Reorganizes files on the hard drive to eliminate fragmented files n Gives a graphical view of the process as it works

14 Accessing Disk Defragmenter from Explorer

14 Windows Update n Download the latest service packs from windowsupdate.microsoft.com

14 System File Checker n Part of the new Windows 2000 utility that protects system files, called Windows File Protection (WFP) n WFP runs in the background and alerts a user when a system file has been altered

14 Computer Management n A window that consolidates several tools that you can use to manage the local PC or other computers on the network n Combines several Windows 2000 administrative tools

14 Computer Management

14 Microsoft Management Console n Combines several administrative tools (snap-ins) into a single window n Can be used to create your own customized consoles

14 Microsoft Management Console

14 Microsoft Management Console

14 Microsoft Management Console

14 Microsoft Management Console

14 Microsoft Management Console

14 Windows 2000 Support Tools

14 Windows 2000 Support Tools

14 Other Sources of Support n The Microsoft Web site at support.microsoft.com n The Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit by Microsoft Press

14 Chapter Summary n Similarities and differences among Windows 98 Windows NT Workstation Windows 2000 n How Windows 2000 manages hardware and software n How to support Windows 2000