So what does evolution mean? Well, The Book Says:

Charles Darwin

Took a trip on the S.S. Beagle to the Galapagos Islands to work as a naturalist. Took a trip on the S.S. Beagle to the Galapagos Islands to work as a naturalist. Hypothesized that Natural Selection drove evolution in his book, On the Origin of Species. Hypothesized that Natural Selection drove evolution in his book, On the Origin of Species. He invented the concept- Survival of the fittest- which actually means survival of the slightly better suited to a particular environment at a particular time He invented the concept- Survival of the fittest- which actually means survival of the slightly better suited to a particular environment at a particular time

Darwin’s Theory : Natural Selection Environment limits growth of populations Environment limits growth of populations Due to variations among individuals in a species, some members of a population compete better for limited resources, so they survive and reproduce, while others do not. Due to variations among individuals in a species, some members of a population compete better for limited resources, so they survive and reproduce, while others do not.

VARIATIONS Differences in a species Raw material for evolution Caused by: 1) Crossing over 2)Chance Assortment 3)Mutation ADAPTATIONS: Variations that improve chances for survival!

Notice The Variation In These Individuals Of A House Finch Population

Adaptations A variation that continues to exist generation after generation and increases the organisms chance to survive and reproduce (pass on its genes) A variation that continues to exist generation after generation and increases the organisms chance to survive and reproduce (pass on its genes)

MORPHOLOGICAL CHEMICAL BEHAVIORAL Physical Physical Chemical Chemical Behavioral Behavioral

Physical ADAPTATION

Physiological ADAPTATION

BEHAVIORAL ADAPTATION

morphological? Chemical? Behavioral?

Artificial Selection Selecting and Breeding the organisms with the most desirible traits. Selecting and Breeding the organisms with the most desirible traits. Can you think how humans do this? Can you think how humans do this?

Dog Breeding

Horse Breeding

Natural Selection Darwin thought that there must be a force in nature that worked like artificial selection. Darwin thought that there must be a force in nature that worked like artificial selection. That force came to be known as Natural Selection, the basis for evolution. That force came to be known as Natural Selection, the basis for evolution.

Individuals struggle to survive Competition for food (plants) Competition for food (plants) Escaping from predators Escaping from predators Finding Mates Finding Mates Locating Shelter Locating Shelter

Natural Selection

Direct Evidence for Evolution Mimicry – Structural Adaptation evolved in some species where one species resembles another. Mimicry – Structural Adaptation evolved in some species where one species resembles another. Camouflage – Structural adaptation that enables a species to blend with their surroundings Camouflage – Structural adaptation that enables a species to blend with their surroundings Bacterial resistance Bacterial resistance

Mimicry

Mimicry

Mimicry Hornet Fly

Camouflage

Camouflage

Why does this frog have funky skin?

Why does this fish have a large dot on its back?

Bacteria (Direct Evidence)

Evidence Of Evolution Fossils Fossils Homologous Structures Homologous Structures Analogous Structures Analogous Structures Vestigial Structures Vestigial Structures Embryological Similarities Embryological Similarities Macromolecule (DNA, RNA, Proteins) Similarities Macromolecule (DNA, RNA, Proteins) Similarities

Fossils

Fossils

Camels

Homologous Structures Structures with common evolutionary origins. Can be similar in arrangement, function, or both. Structures with common evolutionary origins. Can be similar in arrangement, function, or both.

Analogous Structures Show that the environment selects for certain abilities. Show that the environment selects for certain abilities. Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function

Analagous Structures

Vestigial Structures Body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor. Body structure that has no function in a present day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor.

Vestigial Structures

Embryology

DNA Similarity The more similar the DNA, RNA or proteins between two organisms, the more recently they shared a common ancestor. The more similar the DNA, RNA or proteins between two organisms, the more recently they shared a common ancestor.