CHAPTER ONE: Our Changing Environment seven super subjects Savannah Devore seven super subjects Savannah Devore

Subject One:GREEN ARCHITECTURE

Subject One:Green Architecture Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College Ways the building is environmentally friendly: motion sensors for lights, waste water recycled for toilet use, triple pane windows Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College Ways the building is environmentally friendly: motion sensors for lights, waste water recycled for toilet use, triple pane windows DEFINITION: DEFINITION: describes environmentally- conscious design techniques in the field of architecture. Sustainable architecture is framed by the larger discussion of sustainability and the pressing economic and political issues of our world.

Subject Two:ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Environmental Science DEFINITION: interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment POLLUTION= any alteration of air, water, or soil that harms the health, survival or activities of living organisms What do we need? / What’s cheapest? POLLUTION PREVENTION Environmental Science DEFINITION: interdisciplinary study of humanity’s relationship with other organisms and the nonliving physical environment POLLUTION= any alteration of air, water, or soil that harms the health, survival or activities of living organisms What do we need? / What’s cheapest? POLLUTION PREVENTION

continued... One goal of environmental science is to use ECOLOGY to address human population growth ECOLOGY= discipline of biology that studies the interrelationships between organisms and their environments ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Earth’s natural capital.. renewable=LIVING, replenishable=NONLIVING continued... One goal of environmental science is to use ECOLOGY to address human population growth ECOLOGY= discipline of biology that studies the interrelationships between organisms and their environments ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Earth’s natural capital.. renewable=LIVING, replenishable=NONLIVING

WHY aren’t we sustainable? we’re using non-renewable resources as if they’re infinite, renewable faster than can be replenished, polluting, population Why can’t we stop? ecological, societal, economic factors Challenge= meet immediate needs AND protect the environment in the long term.

Subject Three:EVOLUTION OF PEOPLE

EVOLUTION OF PEOPLE a. Hunter Gatherers- used “earth wisdom”, had only three energy sources (sun, fire, muscle power), attempted to live sustainably b. Agricultural Revolution- began 10,000-12,000 years ago, gradually settled into communities, urbanization, farming, large families, domesticated animals, birth rates up, accumulating material goods, survival of plants and animals became less important. focused on farming/managing nature EVOLUTION OF PEOPLE a. Hunter Gatherers- used “earth wisdom”, had only three energy sources (sun, fire, muscle power), attempted to live sustainably b. Agricultural Revolution- began 10,000-12,000 years ago, gradually settled into communities, urbanization, farming, large families, domesticated animals, birth rates up, accumulating material goods, survival of plants and animals became less important. focused on farming/managing nature

c. Industrial Revolution- began around 1870s, production, commerce, trade, shifted dependence from renewable to non-renewable resources, new machines, BIGGERBIGGERBIGGER d. Technological Revolution- new technologies are enabling people to deal with more information more rapidly, impact is not yet clear. c. Industrial Revolution- began around 1870s, production, commerce, trade, shifted dependence from renewable to non-renewable resources, new machines, BIGGERBIGGERBIGGER d. Technological Revolution- new technologies are enabling people to deal with more information more rapidly, impact is not yet clear. continued...

Subject Three: MEETING THE CHALLENGE

2002 World Summit UN Conference on Environment and Development Focused on: pollution, deterioration of atmosphere and ocean, decline in species diversity, deforestation AGENDA 21- recommended over 2500 actions to deal with the most urgent problems World Summit on Sustainable Development assessed progress/failures agreements don’t help unless ENFORCED UN Conference on Environment and Development Focused on: pollution, deterioration of atmosphere and ocean, decline in species diversity, deforestation AGENDA 21- recommended over 2500 actions to deal with the most urgent problems World Summit on Sustainable Development assessed progress/failures agreements don’t help unless ENFORCED

Subject Five: OUR IMPACT

a. Increasing human population poverty... World Bank estimates 2.8 billion live in EXTREME poverty b. Population, Consumption, and Environment Impact Impact on the environment can be calculated with I=PAT I- environmental impact P- # of people A- affluence per person (amount of resource used) T- environmental effects of technologies used a. Increasing human population poverty... World Bank estimates 2.8 billion live in EXTREME poverty b. Population, Consumption, and Environment Impact Impact on the environment can be calculated with I=PAT I- environmental impact P- # of people A- affluence per person (amount of resource used) T- environmental effects of technologies used

Subject Six: SUSTAINABLE YIELD

Sustainable Yield SY may be calculated as the rate of increase in natural capital two ways of looking at it... a. SY= (TOTAL BIOMASS at a time t+1)- (TOTAL BIOMASS at a time t) b. SY= (annual growth and recruitment)-(annual death and emigration) SY may be calculated as the rate of increase in natural capital two ways of looking at it... a. SY= (TOTAL BIOMASS at a time t+1)- (TOTAL BIOMASS at a time t) b. SY= (annual growth and recruitment)-(annual death and emigration)

Subject Six: The Role of ETHICS, VALUES, and WORLDVIEWS in Addressing Environmental Problems

ETHICS definition= branch of philosophy that is derived through the logical application of human values values= principles that an individual or society considers important or worthwhile can change as society changes environmental ethics= applied ethics considering the moral basis of environmental responsibility and how far it extends definition= branch of philosophy that is derived through the logical application of human values values= principles that an individual or society considers important or worthwhile can change as society changes environmental ethics= applied ethics considering the moral basis of environmental responsibility and how far it extends

AP... There are TWO worldviews. western worldview “expansionist” “frontier” deep ecology worldview “sustainable development ethic” There are TWO worldviews. western worldview “expansionist” “frontier” deep ecology worldview “sustainable development ethic”

IB... Ecocentrism- nature centered Anthropocentrism- people centered Technocentrism- technology centered and under these fall... Deep Ecologists Self-reliance Soft Ecologists Environmental Managers Cornucopians Ecocentrism- nature centered Anthropocentrism- people centered Technocentrism- technology centered and under these fall... Deep Ecologists Self-reliance Soft Ecologists Environmental Managers Cornucopians

DONE.