1 Kommunikatsiooniteenuste arendus IRT0080 Loeng 6 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetool, TTÜ raadio- ja sidetehnika inst.

2 Teenusetase (SLA)

Video Visual Image Data Voice Packet Circuit Interactive cable HDTV Videophone Videoconference Medical imaging FAX PDAsWANs Telemetry Computer-computer Voice messaging POTS Narrowband (copper)< 64 kb/s Wideband(copper/fiber) 64 kb/s to 1.5 Mb/s Broadband (fiber) > 45 Mb/s Teenused ja nõuded

4 Telecommunications Market End-Users Content and Service Providers Service operators/ Telecommunications Networking Solutions Physical Telecommunication Network

5 Võrguhaldus Network Management Organisatsiooni Mudel Infovoogude Mudel Kommunikatsiooni Mudel Funktsiooni Mudel

6 Võrguhalduse ülesanded Fault management - veahaldus –monitor networking devices and generate an alert when something goes wrong Configuration management - konfiguratsiooni haldus –changes, additions and deletions of the configuration of the managed devices Accounting management - kasutajate haldus –monitoring and recording network component usage - for traffic analysis and billing Performance management - jõudluse haldus –gathering and analyzing data from network components to monitor current performance and plan for current needs and future growth Security management - turvalisuse haldus

7 Võrguhalduse jaotus -Standard based configuration -Auto-discovery ensured -Archiving and config recovery -Bandwidth control unit (QoS) -Analysis: utilization, availability, throughput, trending and response time - Addressing & documenting SLA -Proactive detection -Problem isolation & resolution -Dispatch 24X7 mgmt -Identify secure data monitor/maintain AP security -Tracks server utilization by class of user

8 Monitooring Iga arvuti võtab vastu talle adresseeritud pakette Monitooringu tarkvara kasutav arvuti jälgib kõiki võrgus liikuvaid pakette

9 Võrgusisene haldus

10 Võrguväline haldus

11 Haldusmudel Device Manager (NMS) Data store Network Device Agent NVRAM Network Device Agent NVRAM SNMP Device Manager (2) Data store Network Device Agent NVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access Memory

12 Eeldused võrguhalduseks võrgus liikuvat infot saab kasutada selle haldamiseks Lisaks kasutatakse haldustäiendustega võrguseadmeid: –haldusagendid, haldustarkvara Võrguhaldusstandard on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) –SNMPv1, SNMPv2, SNMPv3 (RFC)

13 Ethernet Frame IP Packet UDP Datagram SNMP Message CRC SNMP over UDP SNMP uses User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as the transport mechanism for SNMP messages Ethernet Packet

14 3 täpsustav küsitlus Intelligent State correlation/ filtering analüsaator topology access network trap küsitlus 1 2 problem 4 Võrkude diagnostika

15 Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP is a framework that provides facilities for managing and monitoring network resources on the Internet. Components of SNMP: –SNMP agents –SNMP managers –Management Information Bases (MIBs) –SNMP protocol itself

16 SNMP Interactions in SNMP

17 SNMP

18 Üldstruktuur Haldussüsteem Network management system (NMS) Management entity Management database Agent Management database Agent Management database Agent Proxy Hallatavad seadmed Võrguühendus Haldusprotokoll

19 Haldusinfobaas MIB (Management Information Base) baas on kõikidel haldussüsteemi komponentidel haldusinfo objekti aadressi moodustab numbrite järjestus –näiteks snmpDot3RptMgmt objektide grupi aadress on SNMP päringutes kasutataksegi neid objektide aadresse

20 MIB - 1

21 Haldusandmete kogumine Haldusjaam küsitleb agente –teatud ajavahemike järel, kas hostide teenuste pordid töötavad Haldusagent hoiatab haldusjaama tõrke korral –kui võrgu koormus hakkab teatud piiri ületama

22 SNMP põhikäsud

23 Haldusturvalisus

24 Arvutivõrk haldustarkvaras Võrgu kaart (network map) –Tavaliselt hostid ikoonidena ja kaablid nende vahel joontena –Hosti ikooni värvus näitab hosti tegelikku seisundit võrgus –Võrgu kaardid koostatakse automaatselt, käsu peale või käsitsi

25 Kaugmonitooring RMON Töötab iseseisvalt Proaktiivne monitooring – võrgusegmendi tõrke korral on monitoris võimalik teada saada tõrke eelset seisu

26 Juurdepääsupunktide seisund

27 Haldustulemused “Warning: HSRP Router down. Standby now active…”

28 SNMP Versions Three versions are in use today: –SNMPv1 (1990) –SNMPv2c (1996) Adds “GetBulk” function and some new types Adds RMON (remote monitoring) capability –SNMPv3 (2002) SNMPv3 started from SNMPv1 (and not SNMPv2c) Addresses security All versions are still used today Many SNMP agents and managers support all three versions of the protocol.

29 Võrgukomponendid Serve- rid Cabling Kasutusperiood aastates LAN seadmed Arvutid

30 GUI teenindus Peaadmin võrguhaldur Vigade korrelaator eeltöötlus CIO Veateadete töötlus

31 What is AAA? Short for authentication, authorization and accounting, a system in IP-based networking to control what computer resources users have access to and to keep track of the activity of users over a network.IPnetworkingusers  Authentication is the process of identifying an individual, usually based on a username and password. Authentication is based on the idea that each individual user will have unique information that sets him or her apart from other users. Authenticationusernamepassword  Authorization is the process of granting or denying a user access to network resources once the user has been authenticated through the username and password. The amount of information and the amount of services the user has access to depend on the user's authorization level. Authorization  Accounting is the process of keeping track of a user's activity while accessing the network resources, including the amount of time spent in the network, the services accessed while there and the amount of data transferred during the session. Accounting data is used for trend analysis, capacity planning, billing, auditing and cost allocation. Accounting AAA services often require a server that is dedicated to providing the three services. RADIUS is an example of an AAA service.RADIUS Source:

32 Jõudluse tagamine

33 Dubleerimine

34 SNMP Protocol SNMP manager and an SNMP agent communicate using the SNMP protocol –Generally: Manager sends queries and agent responds –Exception: Traps are initiated by agent.

35 SNMP Protocol Get-request. Requests the values of one or more objects Get-next-request. Requests the value of the next object, according to a lexicographical ordering of OIDs. Set-request. A request to modify the value of one or more objects Get-response. Sent by SNMP agent in response to a get-request, get-next-request, or set-request message. Trap. An SNMP trap is a notification sent by an SNMP agent to an SNMP manager, which is triggered by certain events at the agent.

36 Traps Traps are messages that asynchronously sent by an agent to a manager Traps are triggered by an event Defined traps include: –linkDown: Even that an interface went donw –coldStart - unexpected restart (i.e., system crash) –warmStart - soft reboot –linkUp - the opposite of linkDown –(SNMP) AuthenticationFailure –…

37 Lingid pher c/xtocid