Budget 101 Workshop Committee for Education Funding April 29, 2011 Stephanie Giesecke NAICU

CEF Basics  Founded in 1969 to achieve adequate federal funding for education system  Over 80 member organizations representing PreK through post-graduate  Focus on Congressional Budget and Appropriations Action  Oppose cutting one education program to pay for another

What is a Budget?  Practical document  Political document  Part of Checks and Balances  Congress has the Power of the Purse

Basic Budget Terms  Authorization v. Appropriation  Budget Authority (BA) v. Outlays (OL)  Discretionary v. Mandatory  Fiscal Year v. Award Year  Forward Funded  Advanced Appropriations  Scoring (CBO v. OMB)  Deficit v. Debt

Administration Budget Process  3 Phases of Agency Process: Formulation Formulation Presentation to Congress Presentation to Congress Execution Execution  2.5 year period; 2-3 FYs  ED Budget Service working on FY 2013 NOW

ED FY 2013 Process Basics  Spring 2011 – Start FY 2013 Recommendations  Summer 2011 – FY 2012 Mid-Session Review  Fall 2011 – FY 2013 Request to OMB/Passback  Fall 2011 – FY 2012 Congressional Action  Fall 2011 – Certify FY 2011 Actuals  December 2011 – Prepare President’s FY 2013 Budget Submission

Congressional Budget and Appropriations Process  Rules were made to be broken  Not just a process, but a lobbying plan  Two Parts of the Process: Congressional Budget Resolution Congressional Budget Resolution Annual Appropriations Bills Annual Appropriations Bills  Two areas CEF focuses on: Function 500 (Budget Resolution) Function 500 (Budget Resolution) Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Subcommittee Labor-HHS-Education Appropriations Subcommittee

Congressional Budget Resolution  Does 3 important things: 1) Sets spending and revenue totals Function 500: Education, Training and Social ServicesFunction 500: Education, Training and Social Services Function 550 : HealthFunction 550 : Health 302 (a) sent to Appropriations Committee302 (a) sent to Appropriations Committee 302 (b) Labor-HHS-Education Subcommittee allocation 302 (b) Labor-HHS-Education Subcommittee allocation 2) Sets deficit reduction targets 3) Provides reconciliation instructions

February March April 15 May 15 Spring Summer Fall September 30 Reconciliation Process Deadlines in Budget Resolution Image Source: Senate Budget Committee Website

Questions about Budget and Appropriations Process?

History of the Federal Budget Control government spending Create a Process  1870 Anti-Deficiency Act  1974 Budget Impoundment and Control Act  1985, 1987 Gramm-Rudman-Hollings  1990 Budget Enforcement Act expired 2002

Process Reform 2011  New House Rules Cut-as-you-go Cut-as-you-go Strikes Gephardt Rule Strikes Gephardt Rule Reconciliation cannot be used for “spending” Reconciliation cannot be used for “spending” Published and “deemed” spending totals for FY 2011 Published and “deemed” spending totals for FY 2011 Exempts tax cuts and repeal of HC from PAYGO scorecard Exempts tax cuts and repeal of HC from PAYGO scorecard Requires “spending reduction account” in approps bills Requires “spending reduction account” in approps bills

Process Reform 2011  Balanced Budget Amendment proposals  Bipartisan Fiscal Commissions  Debt Ceiling bill will carry cuts  Global Caps  Focus on Discretionary Spending

Big Picture: President’s FY 2012 Outlays $3.7 Trillion in Total Spending

Big Picture: Sliced (FY 2012 Budget Request, in Billions)

Big Picture: Diced (FY 2012 Budget Request, in Billions)

What’s at Stake?