Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR The Digital Archaeological Record: The potentials of archaeozoological data integration through tDAR Katherine Spielmann and Keith Kintigh Arizona State University ICAZ 2010

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR the Digital Archaeological Record,. Web-based ingest interface: user/contributors upload data and detailed metadata Provides long-term preservation of data & metadata Web-based discovery and access for data and documents produced by archaeological projects. Provide data integration across inconsistent databases

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR A Bit of History Driven by need for synthetic research Genesis of the project (1999) was a long-term collaboration of ASU archaeologists Frustrated by the difficulty of Obtaining data Integrating data that were collected using different coding schemes by different investigators Teamed up with computer scientists and got funding

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Data Ingest

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Adding a Project

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Enter Resource Metadata

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Additional Metadata Collection Procedures: Sampling of site Sampling of bone assemblage Screen size Context (room, trash, hearth, pit) Quality of faunal collection Weathering % identifiable

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Upload Dataset

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Enter Column Metadata and Attach Coding Sheet

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Coding Sheet Metadata

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Preserve the original data in original format in a sustainable format (that can be migrated) on sustainable media no transformations of original file’s content users can always download the data as recorded Preserve database semantics through collection and dissemination of metadata Ensure users’ attribution of credit to creators

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Creating General Faunal Ontologies

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Ontologies Ontology is a map of the semantic relationships among a set of concepts. In tDAR, ontologies are ordinarily hierarchical (tree-like) and represent an arbitrary number of levels of class-subclass relationships

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Burning Intensity First Level Second Level UnburnedBurned Probably Burned CalcinedCharredSinged Indeter- minate Not Recorded

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Butchering First Level Second Level Probably Butchered Butchered Indeter- minate Cut MarksSaw Marks Chop Marks Not Butchered Not Recorded

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Ontologies in tDAR

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Ontology Mapping For a variable to be integrated across databases: The values for that variable in each database are mapped to appropriate nodes in the ontology tree Mapping preferably done by the original analyst

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Ontology Mapping - Example Database 1 Database has taxon value 107 Its coding sheet says taxon 107 = “hare” Database 2 Database has taxon value 237 Coding sheet says 237 = “black-tailed jackrabbit” described as “Lepus californicus”

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR

Associate Coding Key With Ontology

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Map Coding Key to Ontology Upper Little Colorado Prehistory Project Pueblo Blanco

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Perform Data Integration: Pilot Analysis

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Zuni Salinas

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR tDAR Integration User queries tDAR to identify databases Mark databases to go in user workspace Select tables to integrate

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Workspace with Bookmarked Databases

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Select Tables to Integrate

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Select Data Table Columns to Integrate

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Specify Aggregation and Filtering

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Output Output Database observations from both datasets integration uses common ontology values filtering eliminates cases aggregation for consistency and analytical simplicity Database is downloaded and analyzed by user.

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Integration Output - Species Only

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Integration Output – Species & Element

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Output Spreadsheet – 2 Sheets

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Output Spreadsheet - Combined

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Data Table – From SPSS Species code * DatasetTable Crosstabulation DatasetTable Total PBUCLPP Species codeArtiodactylCount % within DatasetTable40.9%29.2%31.6% Bos/bisonCount260 % within DatasetTable.5%.0%.1% CanidCount % within DatasetTable.6%.3%.4% TurkeyCount % within DatasetTable3.0%3.5%3.4% LagomorphCount % within DatasetTable55.0%67.0%64.5% TotalCount % within DatasetTable100.0%

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Resource Depression/Overhunting How recognize? Changing prey abundances % NISP of large and small taxa index ratios of large versus small taxa Is small game anthropogenic Burning

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Change in prey demographics Age of prey Fusion Change in element frequencies of large game (transport) FUI Increased processing of large game Condition (% complete) Weight

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Acknowledgments Andrew W. Mellon Foundation National Science Foundation National Endowment for the Humanities UK Joint Information Systems Committee Archaeology Data Service, University of York Digital Antiquity Board of Directors Sander van der Leeuw, Arizona State University (ASU) [chair] Carol Ackerson, Girl Scouts Arizona Cactus-Pine Council Jeffrey Altschul, SRI Foundation Kim Bullerdick, Owner, BI, L.L.C. John Howard, University College, Dublin Keith Kintigh, ASU Tim Kohler, Washington State University Fred Limp, University of Arkansas Harry Papp, L. Roy Papp & Associates Julian Richards, University of York Dean Snow, The Pennsylvania State University

Digital Antiquity Data Integration with tDAR Questions?