Conserving Biodiversity (5.3) State Standard SB4D. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth, pesticide use, and water and power consumption.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Natural Resources In today’s world there is a high ____________ for natural resources The consumption rate of natural resources is not ____________ distributed Natural Resources are categorized as either ____________ or ____________.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Natural Resources Nonrenewable resources are found on Earth in ____________ amounts or those that are replaced by natural processes over extremely ____________ periods. Examples: Tin, silver, gold uranium, copper (limited amounts) Phosporous (recycled slowly) Topsoil (forms slowly) Fossil fuels (form slowly)

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Renewable Resources Renewable resources are replaced by natural processes ____________ than they are consumed. Examples: Plants Crops Animals Water Various types of energy

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Water & Power Consumption Human population ____________ & ____________ development are driving a steadily increasing demand for water & power supplies. While there is no shortage of water globally, much of it is ____________ for human use and unevenly distributed. More ____________ is required to access water and treat it so that it can be used.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Water & Power Consumption The ____________ environmental effects of burning fossil fuels calls for development of & use of environmentally friendly ____________ energy sources.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Natural Resources ____________ use means using resources at a rate in which they can be ____________ or ____________ while preserving the long-term environmental health of the biosphere.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Pollution Pollution and atmospheric changes ____________ biodiversity and global stability. Pollution is the ____________ of soil, water, or air as a result of human activity. Pollution has ____________ as countries have become more industrialized.

Air Pollution & Global Warming Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Air Pollution & Global Warming The measured increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is largely due to ____________ of fossil fuels. As CO2 levels have increased, the ____________ global temperature has increased

Air Pollution – CO2 & Ozone Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Air Pollution – CO2 & Ozone Excess CO2 can contribute to the ____________ ____________ (where gases in the atmosphere trap radiant energy from the sun, causing the earth to stay warm) Release of ____________ from making coolants & styrofoam has thinned the Ozone layer, which protects the earth from ultraviolet ____________ overdose

Contains gases & ____________ (harmful solids) Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Air Pollution Also includes dust, smoke, ash, carbon ____________, ____________ oxides. Contains gases & ____________ (harmful solids) Smoke, gas, & fog combine to form ____________.

Also damages crops, aquatic ecosystems, and ____________ buildings. Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Air Pollution - Acid Precipitation ____________ containing Sulfur and nitrogen compounds react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Acid precipitation ____________ calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients. Also damages crops, aquatic ecosystems, and ____________ buildings.

Pollution & Pesticides Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Pollution & Pesticides ____________ ____________ is the increasing ____________ of ____________ substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web. Ex: DDT ____________ of pesticides has also caused a rise in pesticide-resistant insect populations (natural selection)

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Water Pollution Caused by ____________ from sewers, industries, farms, & homes, which enter water sources such as lakes, rivers, groundwater, & oceans

Other organisms in the water ____________. Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity Water Pollution - Eutrophication ____________ occurs when substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) flow into waterways, causing extensive ____________ growth. The algae use up the ____________ supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process. Other organisms in the water ____________.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity EXTINCTION The ____________ process of species becoming extinct is known as ____________ extinction. ____________ extinction is an event in which a ____________ percentage of all living species become extinct in a relatively ____________ period of time.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity EXTINCTION FACTORS The current high rate of extinction is due to the activities of a single species—____________ ____________. Humans are changing conditions on Earth ____________ than new traits can evolve to cope with the new conditions.

Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity EXTINCTION FACTORS _______________________, or excessive use, of species that have economic value is a factor increasing the current rate of extinction. Bison Passenger pigeons Ocelot Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Ocelot

- ____________ ____________ Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity EXTINCTION FACTORS - ____________ ____________ If a habitat is destroyed or disrupted, the native species might have to ____________ or they will die. The destruction of habitat, such as the clearing of tropical rain forests (deforestation), has a direct impact on global ____________.

EXTINCTION FACTORS - Habitat Loss Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity EXTINCTION FACTORS - Habitat Loss The declining population of ____________ species can affect an ____________ ecosystem.

FRAGMENTATION OF HABITAT Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity FRAGMENTATION OF HABITAT The separation of an ecosystem into ____________ pieces of land is called ____________ ____________. The smaller the parcel of land, the ____________ species it can support. Fragmentation reduces the opportunities for individuals in one area to reproduce with individuals from another area. Carving the large ecosystem into small parcels increases the number of ____________—creating edge effects.

Threats to Biodiversity Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Threats to Biodiversity INTRODUCED SPECIES ____________ species that are either intentionally or unintentionally transported to a new habitat are known as introduced species. Introduced species often reproduce in large numbers because of a lack of ____________, and become ____________ species in their new habitat.

Biodiversity Hot Spots Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Conserving Biodiversity Biodiversity Hot Spots Currently, about seven percent of the world’s land is ____________________ as some type of reserve – especially where there are ____________ species and a large portion of the habitat has been lost.

Corridors Between Habitat Fragments Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Conserving Biodiversity Corridors Between Habitat Fragments Improve the survival of biodiversity by providing corridors, or ____________, between habitat fragments Creates a ____________ piece of land that can sustain a wider variety of species and a wider variety of genetic variation

The use of ____________ organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Conserving Biodiversity Bioremediation The use of ____________ organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to ____________ a polluted area is called bioremediation.

Biological Augmentation Chapter 5 Biodiversity and Conservation Conserving Biodiversity Biological Augmentation Adding ____________ ____________ to a degraded ecosystem is called biological augmentation. Ladybugs help control aphid populations. Photo courtesy of Nature’s Control