Industry & Research: Issues, needs and conclusions from the US IMPACT Investigation of Extreme Flood Processes & Uncertainty Workshop at HR Wallingford, UK on 16 & 17 May 2002

INVENTORY OF WORKSHOPS 1. Piping Associated with Conduits Through Dams 2. Develop State Dam Safety Needs 3. Animal and Vegetation Invasion of Dams 4. Gate Structures on Dams 5. Risk Analysis & Risk Assessment 6. Seepage Through Dams 7. Seismic Issues for Dams 8. Hydrologic Issues 9. Dam Failure Analysis 10. Spillways

USDA/FEMA Specialty Workshop on Embankment Dam Failure Analysis Scope To document a state of practice concerning embankment dam failure analysis; To identify short-term (immediate) and long-term research needs of the dam safety community; and To recommend a course of action to address these needs.

The workshop was broken up into five basic areas: Classification and case histories, including the human and economic consequences, of dam failure. Overview of presently used tools for assessing risk, time to failure, dam failure processes, outflow hydrograph, and flood routing. State federal and private assessment criteria, experience, and case examples. Research and new technology related to risk assessment, embankment dam failure, and flood routing. Prioritizing research needs.

The workshop was held in Oklahoma City, OK June th, A group of 33 individuals 5 State Agency Representatives 15 Reps from 7 U.S. Federal Agencies 9 Private Consultants (3 Foreign) 1 Private Owner 3 University Professors

Reasons for Conducting Dam Failure Analysis Dam Safety Design Rehabilitation Risk Analysis Flood Inundation Emergency Action Plan Hazard Classification

1.Develop forensic guidelines and standards for dam safety representatives and experts to use when reporting dam failures or dam incidents. Create a forensic team that would be able to collect and disseminate valuable forensic data. 2.Using physical research data, develop guidance for the selection of breach parameters used during breach modeling. 3.Perform basic physical research to model different dam parameters such as soil properties, scaling effects, etc. with the intent to verify the ability to model actual dam failure characteristics and extend dam failure knowledge using scale models. Research Needs and Recommendations

4.Update, revise, and disseminate information in the historic data set / database. The data set should include failure information, flood information, and embankment properties. 5.Develop better computer-based predictive models. Preferably these models would build upon existing technology rather than developing new software. 6.Make available hands-on end-user training for breach and flood routing modeling which would be available to government agencies and regulators, public entities (such as dam owners), and private consultants. Research Needs and Recommendations (cont.)

7.Record an expert-level video of Danny Fread along the lines of the previous ICODS videos from Jim Mitchell, Don Deere, etc. 8.Send U.S. representatives to cooperate with EU dam failure analysis activities. 9.Update the regression equations used to develop the input data used in dam breach and flood routing models. 10.Identify critical parameters for different failure modes. Research Needs and Recommendations (cont.)

11. Develop a method to combine deterministic and probabilistic dam failure analysis including the probability of occurrence and probable breach location. 12. Lobby the NSF to fund basic dam failure research. 13. Validate and test existing dam breach and flood routing models using available dam failure information. 14. Develop a process that would be able to integrate dam breach and flood routing information into an early warning system. Research Needs and Recommendations (cont.)

CADAM PRIORITY ITEMS (March 1998 Wallingford, UK) Tests applied to real geometries (including physical models) Compile database of actual failures Identify the important processes – hydrodynamics/breaching etc. Define dam failure modes and identify reasons for them. Further modeling-confluences/structures/ 1D 2D models Extension of test cases into 2D Investigation of scaling effects Specification ASAP.

What Does the User Community Need? (CADAM, Munich, October 1998) Failure risk and consequences (liability) Emergency Repairs Inundation maps Arrival times Warning/monitoring systems Decision support/evacuation planning Adequate warning Accurate information