Green Building Fundamentals

Goals of the Seminar Learn the fundamentals of sustainable and green construction Identify additional mechanical work inherent in green construction Use green construction to generate additional volume and profit Separate yourself from competitors by exceeding client expectations

Sustainability “ Everyone talks about sustainability, but no one knows what it is.” Dr. Karl-Henrik Robert, founder of the organization The Natural Step

What is Sustainability? “Providing for the needs of the present without detracting from the ability to fulfill the needs of the future” ASHRAE GreenGuide

Sustainable v. Green Is a sustainable building a green building? Footprints Source:

Green Construction What comes to mind when I say ‘Green Building’?

What is a Green/High- Performance Building? One that achieves high performance over the full life cycle in the following areas:  Minimal energy consumption  Minimal atmospheric emissions  Minimal discharge of harmful wastes  Minimal negative impacts of site ecosystems  Maximum quality of the indoor environment

Green Building Why is Green Building an emerging trend and not just another fad?

Environmental impact of buildings* 65.2% of total U.S. electricity consumption 1 > 36% of total U.S. primary energy use 2 30% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions million tons of construction and demolition waste in the U.S. (approx. 2.8 lbs/person/day) 4 12% of potable water in the U.S. 5 40% (3 billion tons annually) of raw materials use globally 6 * * Commercial and residential Source: DOE 1,2,3, EPA 4, U.S. Geological Service 5, Lenssen & Roodman 6

Water 1% is potable 2% is frozen 97% is salt water Source: U.S. Geological Service

Water use Americans extract approximately 3,700 billion gallons per year more than they return to the aquifers

The Energy Crisis Source: Uppsala Hydrocarbon Study Group

Business Issues – Future Trends (Risk) ASHRAE Improvements to to be 30% more stringent than 2004 Develop performance based 90.1 (2010) Develop a water conservation standard Develop a new standard for deconstruction of buildings

Business Issues – Future Trends (Risk) 90.1

Business Issues – Future Trends (Risk) ASHRAE Advanced Energy Guides Complete All 30% guides by 2008 winter meeting Complete all 50% guides by 2011 winter meeting Complete all 70% guides by 2016 winter meeting

Business Issues - Future Trends (Risk) ASHRAE Research Develop economically viable applications of renewable energy systems that produce: 25% reduction in conventional energy use (2012 annual meeting) 35% reduction in conventional energy use (2015 annual meeting) 50% reduction in conventional energy use (2018 annual meeting) Develop baseline data for IEQ (2008 annual meeting

Ultimate Goal Create ‘Net Zero Energy Buildings’ (NZEB) A building that, on an annual basis, draws from outside sources equal or less energy than it produces on site from renewable energy sources.

Business Issues - Future Trends (Risk) H. R. 6 – ‘Clean Energy Act of 2007’ Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY) Specifies ASHRAE Standard 90.1 and “future versions” Energy Policy Acts of 2005, 2007 and Executive Order Calls for net-zero energy use in federal facilities by 2030

It follows………..

Why is ‘Green’ an Opportunity? “Clean-tech plays to American’s strength because making things like locomotives lighter and smarter takes a lot of knowledge – not cheap labor.” Thomas Friedman, ‘The Power of Green’, April 15, 2007 International Herald Tribune

Sustainability Today Haven’t we always been employing “green” building principles anyway? Examples?

History of sustainability Which civilization made it a point to layout whole cities to take advantage of passive heating? In what direction did the city streets run? A.Greece B.Rome C.Egypt D.Persia E.Babylonia

Sustainability What amazing improvement did the ancient Romans make to Greek architecture so their homes (called heliocaminus, i.e. house furnaces) were far more energy efficient? A. Used cavity walls B. Made domed roofs C. Insulated the walls D. Put transparent mica in the windows E. Honeycombed the floor

Sustainability What clever “green” concept did the Romans utilize in their bathroom layouts? A. Recycled organics as compost B. Used holding tanks instead of rivers for disposal C. Used stormwater run-off to flush D. Used aqueducts for flushing E. Used flow control devices to conserve water

U. S. Green Building Council (USGBC)  A national, nonprofit organization founded in 1993 “To promote the design and construction of buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work.”

U. S. Green Building Council  Developer and administrator of the LEED ® (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System  Voluntary, consensus-based national standard for developing high-performance, sustainable buildings.  Pilot program in 1998  Version 2.0 released in 2000  Version 2.2 is current  Version 2009 (Due in January)

LEED ® Products LEED-NC: LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations/Additions Originally released in 2000 New release early in 2009 LEED for Schools LEED for Retail (Pilot) LEED for Healthcare (under review) LEED-EB: LEED for Existing Buildings: Operation and Maintenance Originally released in 2004 Newest version released on Sept LEED-CI: LEED for Commercial Interiors Originally released in 2004

LEED ® Products LEED-CS: LEED for Core and Shell Originally released in 2005 LEED-H: LEED for Homes Originally released in 2007 LEED-ND: LEED for Neighborhood Developments Originally released in 2007)

Why Was LEED ® Created? Facilitate positive results for the environment, occupant health and financial return Define “green” by providing a standard for measurement Prevent “greenwashing” (false or exaggerated claims) Source: New York Times

Why Was LEED ® Created? Use as a design guideline Recognize leaders Stimulate green competition Establish market value with recognizable national “brand” Raise consumer awareness Transform the marketplace! Promote whole-building, integrated design processes

Integrated Design An integrated design produces a cost-effective, high-performance building wherein all systems and components work together to produce overall functionality and environmental performance while meeting the needs of the owner.

LEED ® Certification Performance-based rating system to measure how “green” or “sustainable” a building has been designed and constructed Points are earned by complying with environmentally friendly requirements

LEED ® -NC Categories Points divided into six categories Site Selection (SS) Water Efficiency (WE) Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Materials and Resources (MR) Environmental Quality (EQ) Innovative Design (ID)

LEED ® -EB Categories Points divided into six categories Site Selection (SS) Water Efficiency (WE) Energy and Atmosphere (EA) Materials and Resources (MR) Environmental Quality (EQ) Innovation in Operations (IO)

LEED-NC ® Point Distribution

Proposed 2009 LEED-NC ® Point Distribution 110 Points EQ 15% MR 14% ID 10% EA 35% WE 10% SS 26%

LEED-NC v2.2 versus LEED 2009

LEED-EB ® Point Distribution

LEED-EB v 2.0 versus Operation and Maintenance

LEED NC Certification Levels LEED NC – 7 Prerequisites and 69 Total Points

LEED-NC 2009 Certification Levels LEED 2009 – 7 Prerequisites and 110 total points

LEED-EB: OM Certification Levels LEED EB – 9 Prerequisites and 92 Total Points

LEED Online Registration and Certification

LEED ®- NC/EB Credits Site Selection Handout 1

LEED-NC ® Point Distribution Fact: For NC, 42 of the 69 possible points are directly related to mechanical systems or mechanical construction. For EB, it is 55 of 92 possible points. Conclusion: LEED construction represents a tremendous opportunity for our industry

A Commitment to Focus on Opportunity