Evolution and Genetics

Genes are found on chromosomes The process that produces sex cells is meiosis The passing of traits from parents to offspring is heredity

Two forms of the same gene are known as alleles The set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the parent to the offspring is called genes

The organism’s appearance is known as its phenotype ____ used plants to study the way traits are passed from parents to offspring. Mendel

The trait that seems to recede in the background in first-generation offspring is the recessive trait Humans produce sex cells through a process called meiosis

These may be dominant or recessive. alleles ____ proposed that genes are located on chromosomes. Sutton

A gene is set of instructions, instructions on how to make a protein, a portion of a strand of DNA DNA has a structure like a twisted ladder In incomplete dominance, each allele for a trait has its own degree of influence

Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to ____ using X-ray diffraction. create images of DNA molecules The images that Rosalind Franklin created suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape. spiral

A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white snapdragon flower and producing a pink snapdragon flower is an example of incomplete dominance The color of your eyes is an example of how many genes can influence one trait

A mutation in DNA could result in a genetic disorder, death, no change at all The theory of evolution combines the principles of natural selection and genetic inheritance

Individuals in a population that have traits or abilities that give them a competitive advantage over other population members are more likely to survive and reproduce. This principle is called natural selection The theory of evolution can be explained in part by changes in an organism's DNA known as mutations

Structures and behaviors for finding food, protection, and for moving from place to place are an organism's ____ to its environment. adaptations Antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms that cause diseases, such as tuberculosis, are increasing in number due to natural selection

What process accounts for the diversity of life on Earth? biological evolution Diversity of life has developed on Earth gradually over many years

What is the basic unit of life? the cell Multi-cellular organisms grow larger because they have more cells

What process in multi-cellular organisms allows for cell specialization? differentiation The visible traits of an organism. phenotype

What cell process results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells? mitosis In asexual reproduction, offspring receive how much of their DNA from the parent(s)? 100%

In sexual reproduction, offspring receive how much of their DNA from the parent(s)? 50% Coiled structures of DNA and protein make up the_________. chromosomes

What structure carries the instructions for cell processes? chromosome What are segments of DNA on the chromosomes called? genes

How many copies of a gene are generally found in a cell? two Copies of the same gene in a cell are called what? alleles

Characteristics that can be transferred from one generation to another are called________. traits Evolution happens at what level? population

Changes in the genetic make-up of an organism is called_________. mutation In order for a species to survive that species must eat, survive and__________. reproduce at a rate greater than the death rate

In order for an "advantage" to be passed on to the next generation it must be_________. genetically based Plant and animal cells contain how many genes? thousands

Inherited traits are determined by_________. one or more genes The genetic material of living organisms is located on what structure of the cell? chromosome

What compound is the genetic material of living organisms? deoxyribonucleic acid When coding for characteristics of an organism, the two copies of a gene are _____. identical, dominant, or recessive