Vocabulary Review Chapter 14 & 15
Mendel’s true breeding generation P or parental generation
Alternative forms of a gene alleles
Genetic makeup of an organism genotype
Type of inheritance in which hybrids are a mixture of parental phenotypes Incomplete dominance
Type of inheritance where both alleles are expressed in distinguishable ways Codominance
Type of inheritance where three or more genes affect the phenotype polygenic
Genes that tend to be inherited together Linked
When members of homologous pairs of chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis Nondisjunction
Organisms that are normal but transmit recessive alleles to offspring Carrier
Pairs of alleles segregate independently during meiosis Law of Independent Assortment
Organism’s observable traits or their appearance Phenotype
Probability that an offspring will be heterozygous if parents are both heterozygous 50%
When both alleles are the same for a trait it is called this Homozygous
AABBCC X aabbcc Probability these parents would produce AaBbCc 1 or 100%
AABbCc x AaBbCc probability these parents would produce AAbbCC 1/32
If two alleles at a locus differ, the dominant allele will determine the organism’s phenotype Law of Dominant & Recessive Heredity
Cross determined by two traits Dihybrid Cross
Sutton, Boveri and others were responsible for this theory Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
A gene located on a sex chromosome Sex-linked gene
Inactivated X chromosome in a cell is called a Barr Body
When genes are exchanged during meiosis it is called this Crossing-over
Plants can have multiple sets of chromosomes; a state called this Polyploidy
When a gene is moved and joins a nonhomologous chromosome it is called this Translocation
An abnormal number of chromosomes is called this Aneuploidy
Aneuploidy where there is one extra chromosome in a karyotype Trisomy
Trisomy 21 Down Syndrome
What were caused in fruit flies in Thomas Hunt Morgan’s lab Mutations
Difference in phenotype based on whether the allele is inherited from the mother or father Genomic Imprinting
When a chromosomal fragment is lost it is called this Deletion
An aneuploid situation in which the organism has only one copy of a gene Monosomy
Probability that a heterozygous to heterozygous dihybrid cross will produce both dominant traits 9/16
Chart showing members of a family showing which members show a particular trait Pedigree
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM
Definition TERM