The Plant World and Genetic Engineering Jana Klose, Greg Lampard UBC Biotechnology Laboratory Part I Transgenic Plants

Biotechnology in the pastBiotechnology in the past –making bread and cheese, brewing beer –crossbreeding plants What Is Biotechnology? Harnessing the natural biological processes of living systems for the benefit of mankindHarnessing the natural biological processes of living systems for the benefit of mankind Modern biotechnologyModern biotechnology –genetic engineering

Genetic Engineering The process of manipulating and transferring instructions carried by genes from one cell to anotherThe process of manipulating and transferring instructions carried by genes from one cell to another Why do scientists want to change gene instructions? to produce needed chemicals to carry out useful processes to give an organism desired characteristics

DNA IS EVERYWHERE

GenesGenes =the coding system for instructions A geneA gene =is a segment of DNA Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Thymine (T) bases DNA DNA and Genes gene

Genes and Proteins Gene (a piece of DNA) traitproteintranslation mRNA transcription

Restriction enzymes As biological scissors

Plant Genetic Engineering Transgenic Plants the product of plant genetic engineering Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) the label for transgenic plants Genetically Engineered Organism (GEO)

Plant Genetic Engineering Process Cell Extracted DNA Cell division Transgenic plant A single gene Transformation Plant cell

How are Transgenic Plants Produced? Agrobacterium tumefaciensAgrobacterium tumefaciens Gene Gun / BiolisticsGene Gun / Biolistics ElectroporationElectroporation Commonly Used Methods:

Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid Agrobacterium Genomic DNA Plant cell the gene of interest Genomic DNA (carries the gene of interest) + Ti plasmid with the gene of interest Gene of interest Empty plasmid A Restriction enzyme A

Agrobacterium Ti plasmid with the new gene Plant cell cell’s DNA Transgenic plant Cell division The new gene + Transformation Agrobacterium tumefaciens

“Gene Gun” Technique DNA coated golden particles Gene gun Cell division A plant cell with the new gene Transgenic plant Plant cell Cell’s DNA

Duracell DNA containing the gene of interest Plant cell Protoplast Electroporation Technique Power supply DNA inside the plant cell The plant cell with the new gene

Next Generation of Transgenic Crops Plant-based vaccinesPlant-based vaccines Enhanced nutritional contentEnhanced nutritional content Functional foods and phytoceuticalsFunctional foods and phytoceuticals Transgenic plants for phytoremediationTransgenic plants for phytoremediation Plant-derived plastics and polymers Plant-derived plastics and polymers