B ackground/Overview by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress For AMIGOS February 4, 2011

2 Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes US RDA Test Training materials available and workshops being offered to help minimize costs

33 Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC  ICP Web environment collaborations

4 Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”) Not just finding list/inventory Full and complete data Collocation by authors References

5 Influences – Cutter ( eds.) Objects:  Find author, title, subject  Show given author, given subject, kind of literature  Assist in choice edition, literary or topical character

IFLA’s Influence on Cataloguing Codes 1961 “Paris Principles” (influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

7 Anglo-American Tradition

More of IFLA’s Influence 1969 – ISBDs International Standard Bibliographic Description 2007 Consolidated edition 8

AACR2 1978

10 FRBR IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) User tasks  Find  Identify  Select  Obtain Entities, Relationships, Attributes Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

June 2009 Extends the FRBR model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD on subject authority data) Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) 27

International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) Principles & Glossary  20 languages  ations/statement-of- international-cataloguing- principles ations/statement-of- international-cataloguing- principles 12

13 Internet Wide range of information carriers complexity of content Catalogs are no longer end points in isolation Global access to data Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment Share data beyond institutions Metadata (bibliographic information)  Created by a wider range of personnel  Within and outside libraries  Element-based metadata schemas  Dublin Core, ONIX, etc.

14 What’s wrong with AACR? Increasingly complex Lack of logical structure Mixing content and carrier data (GMDs) Not enough support for collocation - inherent relationships missing Anglo-American centric viewpoint Written before FRBR Before Internet and well-formed metadata Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization

16 JSC and Project Management Team 49 Marjorie Bloss, RDA project manager; Marg Stewart, CCC/ JSC chair; Alan Danskin, BL; John Attig, ALA; Barbara Tillett, LC; Deirdre Kiorgaard, ACOC; Hugh Taylor, CILIP; Nathalie Schulz, JSC secretary; Tom Delsey, editor

17 AACR3

18 IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

19 Other Collaborations Law Library community  Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC  Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC, American Folklife Center, Rare Books)  DACS Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA  AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music Prints & Photographs Division  CCO Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

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21 GOALS: RDA will be … A new standard for resource description and access Designed for the digital world Optimized for use as an online product Description and access of all resources All types of content and media Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.)

22 RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

24 RDA Structure General introduction Identifying Elements (Entities and their attributes) Relationships  Appendices Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc.  Glossary and Index

25 General Principles (ICP) Convenience of user Representation Common usage Accuracy Sufficiency and necessity Significance Economy Consistency and Standardization Integration Defensible, not arbitrary If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution.

26 Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA “Take what you see” as option in RDA  Correction of inaccuracies elsewhere  No more abbreviating Accept what you get  Facilitating automated data capture

27 Sample Changes from AACR2 Transcribed data (macros and templates)  Option to keep rule of 3 e.g., “[and five others]” – no more “… et. al.”  First place of publication is “core”  “Place of publication not identified” – not “s.l.”  “Publisher not identified” – not “s.n.”  “Date of publication not identified”

28 RDA Element Analysis RDA element (domain: manifestation)  Title Title proper Parallel title Other title information Variant title Earlier variant title Later variant title Key title Abbreviated title Devised title element element sub-type 28

29 RDA elements “Core” Media, Carrier, and Content Types to replace GMDs Other examples of new elements:  File characteristics for digital materials  Video format characteristics  Custodial information for archival resources  Braille characteristics 29

30 New Terminology from IFLA AACR2 terms Heading Added Entry Authorized heading See references Uniform title RDA terms Access point Authorized access point Variant access point Preferred title Name of the work (to include name of creator when applicable) 30

31 Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Spoken word. 1 sound disc 1. Metadata Donated by the author. Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Z L

32 Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) $a Lee, T. B $a Cataloguing has a future 500 $a Spoken word. 300 $a 1 sound disc $a Metadata $a Donated by the author. Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide

33 Database/format Scenarios Bib record (flat-file) Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Spoken word Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Name authority record Name: Subject authority record Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Bib record (description) Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information FRBR record RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA element registry RDA carrier type registry Future record ONIX FRBR registry (IFLA) Based on Gordon Dunsire’s slide Work title: Cataloguing has a future

34 Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Name authority record Name: Subject authority record Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Linked Data Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future

35 Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Provenance: Subject: Lee, T. B. Cataloguing has a future Audio disc Metadata Donated by the author Name authority record Name: Subject authority record Identifier: … Label: Identifier: … Item information Manifestation information Expression information Work information RDA content type registry Label: Identifier: … Spoken word RDA carrier type registry Package for Data Sharing Lee, T. B. Metadata Spoken word Audio disc Work Title: Cataloguing has a future Cataloguing has a future Communication format record

36 Author: Title: Content type: Carrier type: Cataloguing has a future Package for displays Future display Lee, T. B. Spoken word (Audio disc) ( )

Internet “Cloud” Web front end Services VIAF Databases, Repositories LCSH 37

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39 U.S. RDA Test Timeline June 2010 ALA released RDA Toolkit June-Aug.31 ALA allowed free access to RDA Toolkit to everyone who registered June-Sept. 30 U.S. testers were training and had time to practice Oct. 1-Dec. 31 U.S. test of RDA Jan.-Mar analysis of test results and decisions by U.S. national libraries (expected by June 2011) 39

40 Preparing to use RDA MARC 21 format adjustments in local ILS Local decisions on RDA alternatives/ options Local decision on which elements to include beyond the RDA Core elements Templates and macros set up for standard data Practice time and discussions after basic training 40

41 Results of the Test Surveys for cataloger’s experience and costs Feedback on user reaction to records built on RDA instructions  To help inform future adjustments to RDA  To help improve the IFLA models and principles Test records 41

42 Summary User-oriented models (FRBR/FRAD)  Collocate works/expressions  Identify resources through specific elements (attributes) and relationships Internationalization  Cost reduction through increased sharing of data  Across information communities

43 Summary Principle-based rules (ICP)  Cataloger’s judgment (User-focused)  Take what you see for transcribed data (Representation) Add controlled vocabularies for precision of searching Facilitate harvesting and sharing of descriptive metadata  Less rigid, more flexible

44 Thank you!

Acronyms and Links DC – Dublin Core DCMI – Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCAM – Dublin Core Abstract Model FRAD – Functional Requirements for Authority Data FRBR – Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (this site includes a Webliography) IFLA – International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions JSC – Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA RDA – Resource Description and Access 45

Other Help ALA Publishing URL for RDA Toolkit: RDA Toolkit demo: US RDA Test, General information: Library of Congress Documentation for the RDA Test (training materials and decisions for test on RDA options):