Quiz question for Tuesday: Using at least five (fully identified) works of art as examples, write a 20-minute essay on the most significant art ideas and objects we have studied since the last quiz (on Futurism). Show what you have learned from the assigned readings, 3 videos, and lectures.

The Mexican Mural Movement Los tres grandes: Diego Rivera, David Siquieros, José Orozco

Mexican Revolution 1910-1920 Jose Vasconcelos (1882- 1959) Álvaro Obregón (1880–1928) Soldiers Emiliano Zapata (1887-1919) Pancho Villa (1877-1923)

Diego Rivera (Mexican, 1886-1957) The Architect, 1914 (right) Compare Pablo Picasso, Three Musicians, 1921 Synthetic Cubism Diego Rivera, The Architect,

“I recognized and accepted Picasso’s mastery in Cubism from the beginning. I readily proclaimed myself Picasso’s disciple. I do not believe it possible fo any painter after Picasso not to have been influenced by him in some degree.” - Diego Rivera My Art, My Life

Diego Rivera, Zapatista Landscape – The Guerilla, 1915

Rivera, Creation, 1922-23, encaustic (used blow torch) & gold leaf, Diego Rivera, Creation, 1922-3, encaustic and gold leaf, Antiteatro Bolivar, Nat. Prep. School, Mexico City Rivera, Creation, 1922-23, encaustic (used blow torch) & gold leaf, National Preparatory School, Mexico City.

Courtyard of the Ministry of Education, Mexico City

Rivera at the Education Ministry, Mexico City, Rivera, 1st floor Ministry of Ed, Mexico City Rivera at the Education Ministry, Mexico City, with one of his murals, 1924

Rivera, Wall Street Banquet and Night of the Rich, frescos, Rivera, Wall Street Banquet, 1928, fresco, 2nd floor, Ministry of Education, MC Rivera, Wall Street Banquet and Night of the Rich, frescos, Ministry of Education, Mexico City, 1927-8

Rivera, Liberation of the Peon, 1931, fresco on board, Philadelphia MA Diego Rivera, Liberation of the Peon Rivera, Liberation of the Peon, 1931, fresco on board, Philadelphia MA

Rivera, (left) with Frida Kahlo, 1930 Diego Rivera, The Protest, 1928, fresco, Nat. Prep. School, Mexico City Rivera, (left) with Frida Kahlo, 1930 The Protest 1928, fresco, detail, west wall courtyard Mexico City Ministry of Education

Compare Rivera, Protest, fresco, Mexico City, 1923 and Giotto, Mourning of Christ, c. 1305, fresco, Cappella dell'Arena, Padua

"Giotto was a propagandist of the spirit of Christianity, the weapon of the Franciscan monks of his time against feudal oppression, Bruegel [Flemish Northern Renaissance Painter, C.1525-1569] was a propagandist of the struggle of the Dutch artisan petty bourgeoisie against feudal oppression. Every artist who has been worth anything has been a propagandist. . . I want to be a propagandist of Communism and I want to be it in all that I can think, in all that I can speak, in all that I can write, and in all that I can paint. I want to use my art as a weapon. . ." The Revolutionary Spirit in Modern Art, Diego Rivera, 1932

Rivera, May Day Moscow, 1928, watercolor

Rivera, May Day Moscow, 1928, watercolor

Rivera, Palace of Cortes, overview Rivera, The History of Cuernavaca and Morelos, fresco, 1929-30, Cortez Palace, Cuernavaca, Mexico

Rivera, The History of Cuernavaca and Morelos, fresco, detail, 1929-30, Cortez Palace, Cuernavaca, Mexico Rivera, Palace of Cortes mural (detail)

Rivera, Detroit Industry, fresco, 1933, Detroit Institute of Arts, north wall Rivera, Detroit Industry, 1932-3, The Detroit Institute of Arts

Detroit Industry south wall Diego Rivera, Detroit Industry (south wall), 1932-3, Detroit Institute of Arts Detroit Industry south wall

Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe, fresco, 1934, Originally for Rockefeller Center, Recreated for the Palace of Fine Arts, Mexico City Diego Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe (detail) 1934, fresco, Museo del Palacio de Belas Artes, Mexico City (INBA)

Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe, fresco, 1934, objectionable details of Lenin (left) and Trotsky (right) Diego Rivera, Man, Controller of the Universe (detail with Lenin), 1933, fresco

L-R André Breton, Diego Rivera, and Leon Trotsky, in Mexico, 1939 Trotsky, Rivera, Breton L-R André Breton, Diego Rivera, and Leon Trotsky, in Mexico, 1939

Rivera, The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City, 1931, San Francisco Art Institute Diego Rivera, San Francisco Institute fresco, 1930

Diego Rivera San Francisco Institute fresco with Taylor

Rivera, Pan-American Unity: The Marriage of the Artistic Expression of the North and South of this Continent, City College of San Francisco, 1940 Diego Rivera, San Francisco City College fresco

SF City College fresco detail Diego Rivera, SF City College fresco detail SF City College fresco detail

David Alfaro Siqueiros (Mexican, 1896-1974) at work on Tropical America, Oliveras Street, Los Angeles, 1932, fresco applied with air gun on cement, 19.7 ft x 98.4 ft

Siqueiros, Tropical America, dedicated October 9, 1932 and whitewashed Siqueiros, Tropical America Fresco in 1930 Siqueiros, Tropical America, dedicated October 9, 1932 and whitewashed less than a year later. Forgotten for years and rediscovered in the late 1960s when the whitewash began to peel off. First outdoor mural and prototype for muralism of the 1960s. Getty restoration is stalled.

Siqueiros, Revolutionary on a Horse, 1957 Fresco, Museo Nacional de Historia, Mexico City

David Alfaro Siqueiros, Echo of a Scream, 1937 Duco on wood with applied sections, 48 x 36 NYC MoMA David Alfaro Siqueiros, Echo of a Scream, 1937, enamel on wood, 48/36” NYC MoMA

Jose Clemente Orozco (Mexican, 1883-1949) The Trench, 1926-7 fresco, National Prep. School, Mexico City Jose Clemente Orozco, The Trench, 1926-7 fresco, National Prep. School, Mexico City

Jose Clemente Orozco, The Franciscan, 1930, lithograph, NYC MoMA

Jose Clemente Orozco, Zapatistas, 1931, 45/55” o/c, NYC MoMA

Jose Clemente Orozco, Prometheus, 1930, tempera on masonite, 61 cm, Jose Clemente Orozco, Prometheus, 1960, tempera on masonite 61 cm, Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City. A version of the mural painted the same year for Pomona College, California Jose Clemente Orozco, Prometheus, 1930, tempera on masonite, 61 cm, Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City. A version of the mural painted the same year for Pomona College, California

Orozco, Prometheus mural, Pomona College, 1930

Orozco, two panels from Dartmouth College fresco, (left) Ancient Human Sacrifice and (right) Gods of the Modern World, 1932

Orozco, Hispanoamerica & Angloamerica, panels of American Civilization fresco panels, 1932-4, Dartmouth College Library, New Hampshire Jose Clemente Orozco, Hispanoamerica & Angloamerica, fresco, 1932-4, Dartmouth, New Hampshire

Orozco, The Expulsion of Quetzalcoatl (detail), American Civilization Quetzalcoatl in human form, Codex Borbonicus Jose Clemente Orozco, The Expulsion of Quetzalcoatl (detail), fresco, Dartmouth, 1932-4 Orozco, The Expulsion of Quetzalcoatl (detail), American Civilization Fresco panel, Dartmouth College Library, New Hampshire 1932-4