0 Perspectives on UKs Research Strengths December 2, 2010, London HEPI Conference Dr Nick Fowler, Director of Strategy, Elsevier

1 Overview of Scientific, Technical and Medical (STM) Information industry Journals, print and E Books, print and E Databases and online tools Academic and government institutions R&D-intensive corporations Medical Individuals Other Source: Simba Customers Products

2 Each year 3 million articles submitted 300,000 peer reviewers 1.5 million articles published 30 million readers 2 billion digital article downloads 30 million article citations Science publishers have a privileged vantage point on science

3 Publication impact, societal impact: Nobel prize examples Andrew Geim, Konstantin NovoslevGraphene23x average Physics Faster computers, lighter aeroplanes 2010 Nobel Prize winner Robert Edwards IdeaPublication impact IVF Societal impact 44x average Medicine 4 million births

UK, research articles published: UK researchers authored 114,000+ articles in 2009 The number of articles authored by UK researchers grew on average by 3.3% per year from , vs. 4.0% globally Note: Data shows UKs article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) per year, Growth rates are CAGR calculated over the period Source: Scopus Articles published

5 R&D funding inputs vs. published article outputs by country Gross Expenditure on R&D ($Millions) Logarithmic scales Articles published, 2008

Share of global R&D spending, 2006 and

7 Share of published journal articles, (projected) Global share of total articles published Year

88 8 UK, impact of research outputs: UK articles are cited on average 5.8 times vs. 4.6 for the world average In terms of Impact, UK punches above its weight UKs growing publication impact is associated with growing levels of international collaboration Note: Data shows UKs article outputs (research articles, reviews and conference papers) and shares using 5 year periods, e.g corresponds to publications. Size of bubble proportional to 5-year article output Source: Scopus International collaboration rate Citations per article

99 9 UK research outputs: rates of collaboration rate Science is becoming more collaborative: the percent of articles co-authored by researchers residing in separate countries increased from 26% in 2003 to 33% in 2008 The UKs rate of international collaboration is significantly higher: 41% of articles were co-authored with non-UK researchers in 2008 Note: Data shows proportion of article outputs representing international collaboration (where one or more other countries are listed in the author address) in 5-year periods, e.g corresponds to publications and citations. Source: Scopus International collaboration rate

10 International collaboration rates correlates strongly with publication impact International scientific collaboration is generally acknowledged as a positive force driving national impact and prestige Domestic articles (1) have no collaboration partners have around 3 times fewer citations per article than those with four collaborating countries (5) Source: Scopus Field-weighted relative impact Number of collaborating countries (where 1 = domestic) 12345

11 UK: international collaboration Note: Collaboration relationships are shown for the UK and its local collaboration environment. Articles are counted in a 5-year window (i.e citations to articles) and are represented as variable- thickness lines (edges) between countries (nodes). Line thickness represents the share of collaboration to or from the connected countries. Lines are only shown where greater than 1,000 collaborative articles in this period. Visualisation is by the Force Atlas algorithm, which treats the network of edges as a system of interconnected springs and seeks to satisfy the tension of all edges simultaneously in a 2D rendering; hence, countries sharing a collaborative relationship tend to group together, while those that do not are placed further apart. Source: Scopus

12 Scientists are more mobile Destinations of researchers formerly affiliated with UK institutions Top destinations for UK-based researchers 1.US 2.Germany 3.France 4.Australia 5.Canada 6.Italy 7.Netherlands 8.Spain 9.Japan 10.China Source: Scopus

13 Map of UK research strengths, 2009

14 UK distinctive competency example Application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology in clinical neurophysiology Large, fast-growing area of research (20,000 articles in 2009); UK has 24% share, cites more recent research than the US Leading UK institutions: UCL, Oxford, Cambridge, Birmingham Most prolific author: from University of Birmingham Most prolific and most cited institution: UCL

15 UK distinctive competency example Acute Psychiatric Nursing Of all areas of research strength, UK leads by the greatest margin in Acute Psychiatric Nursing: 3x US articles, 2x US citations Leadership driven by Kings College London, City University, U. of Central Lancaster, U. of Manchester and U of Nottingham

16 UK distinctive competency example Climate change and sea levels UK slightly less prolific than US, but more highly cited. Leading institutions in the world include BAS, Oxford, Reading, Bristol and Durham Effective collaboration among UK researchers across disciplinary and institutional boundaries to create a national strength Example: second most highly cited article: physicists, computer scientists (Oxford), climate modellers (Met Office, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory), earth scientist (Open University), time-series analyst (LSE), meteorologist (U of Reading)

17 Source: Analysis based on Scopus data UK universities: volume vs impact of outputs Research IntensiveResearch Selective No UK university appears in more than 160 (40%) of UKs distinctive research competencies Both Russell Group and non-Russell Group are highly cited relative to the world average Effective collaboration by UK researchers across all types of institutions at the level of highly specific sub-fields drives UKs overall impact

18 UK research strengths vs. other global leaders

19 Implications of observations are challenging Observations 1.R&D spending drives R&D outputs, and new global leaders are emerging 2.Science is becoming more collaborative 3.Scientists are more mobile geographically 4.Science is becoming more interdisciplinary Challenges How to hold and grow share given global shift How to find and build links with the right partners How to identify, attract and retain the best How to allocate funds across subjects and departments

20 Source: E-journals, their use, value and impact, 2009 RIN/Ciber Collaboration area (1 of 4): quality content to drive research efficiency Science information: less than 1% of universities spending, but drives the efficiency and effectiveness of the remaining 99% A 2x increase in article downloads is associated with a 3x increase in articles authored, a 2.7x increase in PhDs granted, and a 4x increase in grants won Effective research institutions drive societal and economic benefits

21 Collaboration area (2 of 4): enhanced access to scientific research data Very high importance, very high satisfaction High importance, low satisfaction Source: 3823 researcher respondents, PRC global access vs. Importance study Publishers are working to facilitate access to experimental data sets Link data sets to journal articles, e.g. Pangaea, CCDC Support and drive guidelines with key partners, e.g. Wellcome Trust, NSF, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

22 Collaboration area (3 of 4): amplified evidence to inform science policy + Example, the UCL/Lancet commission: 29 researchers, 13 UCL departments examined the Health Effects of Climate Change. Report was the most requested in Scopus of 7,500+ UCL-authored articles and was in the top 1% of most downloaded articles from ScienceDirect. Findings discussed at a meeting of commonwealth health ministers, and mentioned at the World Health Assembly Other Lancet commissions: the future of health and development with the LSHTM to coincide with the UN Summit held in New York; with UCL on Healthy Cities; with Harvard on the future of health professional education.

23 Collaboration area (4 of 4): tailored information to manage research impact Project to develop metrics and tools to help institutions maximise the impact of their research investments Institutional and national decision-making: needs data and analysis of collaboration networks, research strengths, and emerging hot spots of research

24 Summary Quality information Quality research Quality of life