Domain Name Registration Presented By: Jessica Bradley David Cunningham John Morrison

Overview How To Register Your Domain Domain Name Policies and Regulations Domain Name Servers

ICANN.org Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Address Supporting Org. –IP Addresses Domain Name Supporting Org. – Domain Name Registration Protocol Supporting Org. – Parameters for Internet protocols

Domain Name S.O Network Solutions given the government contract to assign Domain Names April Shared Registry System begins with 5 testbed companies Currently 32 active members 60 accredited, but not yet operational 18 awaiting accreditation

How to Register Select an Accredited Registrar Find a domain name to register Fill in the requested information Decide how long you want the name $35/year (up to 10 years) for.com,.net or.org or park the domain, $40/year (up to 10 years)

Number of Registrants * According to Network Solutions.com

Trademark Infringement Your domain name may not contain a registered trademark Trademark laws on the Internet follow the laws for normal use of trademarks Problem: Companies are using all permutations of their trademark to take away domain names EFF, DNRC, CPSR argue that it is unconstitutional

VW vs. VW vs. VW The Implicated Companies Volkswagen - vw.com (Automaker) Virtual Works – vw.net (Internet Firm) Virtually Wired – vw.org (CPSR) VW Trademark of Volkswagen Permutations infringe on trademark

Anti-Cybersquatting Act Cybersquatting: registering a domain name knowing that someone else wants it Threat of costing both innocent and illegal domain name holders up to $100,000 UDRP (Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy) Network Solutions and ICANN Any Domain Name found “infringing” on a registered trademark is forfeited to the holder of the name immediately Domain names with invalid registration information may be forfeited

Domain Name Registration Coalition Founded 1996 Opposes the Anti-Cybersquatting Act, ICANN “Represents the interests and views of entrepreneurs, small businesses and individuals on the Internet” Free speech on the internet, including your choice of domain names

Electronic Frontier Foundation Opposes Anti-Trademark bills passed by Government Trademark bills unconstitutional and take away freedom of speech Existing trademark bills allow companies in non-competing areas to use permutations of trademark. Internet trademark bills do not

DNS - What is it? Global network of servers Translates host names into numerical addresses villanova.edu --> Ease of memorization is key reason Failure of DNS results: web sites cannot be located delivery stalls

DNS - History Designed in 1984 by Paul Mockapetris Originally maintained by Stanford Research Institute’s Network Information Center (SRI- NIC). As new hosts names came along, added to table a few times a week As the internet grew, table became huge

DNS - Current Distributed Database Hierarchical No single organization responsible for maintenance Most DNS Server = Unix machine running BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) software

DNS - Current (cont.) Two elements - name server and resolver name server supplies name-to-address conversions if unsuccessful, resolver passes to next name server Cache Server vs. Authoritative Server authoritative servers answer queries according to DNS protocols cache server query authoritative servers and store result for certain period of time can be combination of both based on zones

DNS - How it Works URL typed in by user Browser sends request to closest name server If name server has ever fielded request for that host name (within a certain time period set by administrators), locates information in cache and replies Otherwise it passes it to an authoritative name server (much like routers) If the servers are slow and computer times out, or host name does not exist, error message returned

Links ICANN: Network Solutions: DNRC: EFF: CPSR: United States Trademark and Patent Office: