The Sea Floor as a Sediment Trap: Contributions to JGOFS from Benthic Flux Studies Richard A. Jahnke Skidaway Institute of Oceanography Milestones and.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Primary production ( 14 C) and phosphate availability in the south Pacific ocean T. MOUTIN, P. RIMMELIN Laboratoire d Océanographie et de Biogéochimie.

Advertisements

Some questions in current climate and CO 2 studies.

Ocean Biogeochemistry (C, O 2, N, P) Achievements and challenges Nicolas Gruber Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. Using input from.

Zuchuan Li, Nicolas Cassar Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Estimation of Net Community Production.

Particle transport and organic carbon fluxes off NW Africa: impact of dust and carbonate G. Fischer (1), M. Iversen (3, 4), G. Karakas (3), N. Nowald (1),

Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Review June 30 - July 2, 2009.

Particulate organic matter and ballast fluxes measured using Time-Series and Settling Velocity sediment traps in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea lead.

Basic concepts (Early Diagenesis, chapters 2-3) Transport and Physical properties Sedimentation without diagenesis (reactions that alter solid composition.

Dissolution of calcite in sediments -- metabolic dissolution.

Organic Carbon Flux and Burial Efficiency in the Global Ocean Remy Luerssen, Frank Müller-Karger, Chuanmin Hu University of South Florida, College of.

Lecture 2 - Major Ions in Sea Water Why do we care about the major ions? What is the composition of seawater? What defines Major Ions? What are their concentrations?

GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in.

Lecture 10: Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Ocean Distributions Controls on Distributions What is the distribution of CO 2 added to the ocean? See Section 4.4.

Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program Marine Microplankton Ecology

Lecture 10: Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Ocean Distributions Controls on Distributions What is the distribution of CO 2 added to the ocean? See Section 4.4.

Carbonates Madelon van den Hooven

Paper Number OS 26A-06 At both sites, the majority of the vertical flux attenuation of components such as carbon occurred with the mesopelagic “Twilight.

Review High Resolution Modeling of Steric Sea-level Rise Tatsuo Suzuki (FRCGC,JAMSTEC) Understanding Sea-level Rise and Variability 6-9 June, 2006 Paris,

Commentary to Richard Lampitt: ‘Linking Surface Ocean and the Deep Sea’ Susanne Neuer.

BNL INL Lateral Transport of Dissolved and Particulate TEIs at Ocean Margins K2-NW Pacific % Transmission Along Line W 228 Ra.

Coupled Biogeochemical Cycles William H. Schlesinger Millbrook, New York.

DECADAL CHANGES IN OCEAN CARBON UPTAKE C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, G.C. Johnson, R. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, A.G. Dickson, N. Gruber, R. Key and P. Covert.

Climate sensitivity: what observations tell us about model predictions Corinne Le Quéré Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, Jena, Germany Acknowledgements:

The Other Carbon Dioxide Problem Ocean acidification is the term given to the chemical changes in the ocean as a result of carbon dioxide emissions.

Marine Aspects of Abrupt Climate Change NSF ACGEO April 28, 2004 William Curry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Ocean circulation, carbon cycle and oxygen cycle Anand Gnanadesikan FESD Meeting January 13, 2012.

Equatorial Pacific primary productivity: Spatial and temporal variability and links to carbon cycling Pete Strutton College of Oceanic and Atmospheric.

SEASONAL CHANGES IN BENTHIC FLUXES AND NET ECOSYSTEM METABOLISM IN THE RIA DE VIGO (NW SPAIN) F. Alonso-Pérez, Carmen G. Castro, Zuñiga, D., B. Arbones.

An integrative view of the biological carbon pump from the surface ocean to the deep sediment Sandra Arndt

Norm Nelson, Dave Siegel Institute for Computational Earth System Science, UCSB Bermuda Bio-Optics Project Decade-Plus Perspective on Ocean Color.

Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles

Impact of vertical flux simulation on surface pCO 2 Joachim Segschneider 1, Iris Kriest 2, Ernst Maier-Reimer 1, Marion Gehlen 3, Birgit Schneider 3 1.

Third annual CarboOcean meeting, 4.-7.December 2007, Bremen, Segschneider et al. Uncertainties of model simulations of anthropogenic carbon uptake J. Segschneider,

First results from the isopycnic ocean carbon cycle model HAMOCC & MICOM/BCM Karen Assmann, Christoph Heinze, Mats Bentsen, Helge Drange Bjerknes Centre.

2006 OCRT Meeting, Providence Assessment of River Margin Air-Sea CO 2 Fluxes Steven E. Lohrenz, Wei-Jun Cai, Xiaogang Chen, Merritt Tuel, and Feizhou Chen.

Tracking the fate of carbon in the ocean using thorium-234 Ken Buesseler Dept. of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Nicholas R. Bates Bermuda Biological Station For Research (BBSR) Uptake and Storage of CO 2 in Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Marine Ecosystem Simulations in the Community Climate System Model

Interpreting the sedimentary record

Overriding questions What are the relevant time and space scales to study plankton diversity? Are the time and space scales that regulate diversity the.

Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2014) 28 Annual net community production and the biological carbon flux in the ocean Steven Emerson School of Oceanography,

WP 11 - Biogeochemical Impacts - Kick-off meeting Nice 10 – 13/06/2008.

ASSESSING BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITIES FROM OPTICAL REMOTE SENSING Julia Uitz, Dariusz Stramski, and Rick A. Reynolds Scripps Institution.

Lecture 10: Ocean Carbonate Chemistry: Ocean Distributions

Examining the Effects of Seasonal and Salinity Variations on Satilla River Sediments (Georgia, U.S.A.) Using In Situ Voltammetric Depth Profile Measurements.

Modelling the effect of increasing pCO 2 on pelagic aragonite production and dissolution 1. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE),

Ten Year average of SeaWIFS ocean color data ( ) (NASA/MODIS ocean color NORTHEAST PACIFIC CARBON PROGRAM Investigating.

CARBOOCEAN Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment ”Integrated Project”, European Commission Contract no GOCE.

Carbon Dynamics in Coarse Woody Debris Pools at the Tapajos National Forest in Brazil Hudson Silva Patrick Crill Michael Keller.

Pore water profiles of reactants or products can be a sensitive way to estimate OM decomposition rates. Oxic respiration (assuming Redfield ratio): (CH.

Geomorphologic controls on the age of particulate organic carbon from small mountainous rivers Lonnie Leithold and Neal Blair, North Carolina State University.

Incorporating Satellite Time-Series data into Modeling Watson Gregg NASA/GSFC/Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Topics: Models, Satellite, and In.

P in marine sediments Overview: P Cycling in the Ocean Inputs and Outputs and Residence Time Sediment Chemistry of P Selective leach procedures & implications.

Phosphorus in marine sediments P : an abundant element in the crust: ~ 0.1% Like Nitrogen, Phosphorus is an essential nutrient There is evidence that P.

Dissolution of calcite in sediments -- metabolic dissolution.

Sediment Geochemistry Split the lectures about evenly; both attend all. Work will include: - Reading papers and participating in classroom.

The preservation of opal in marine sediments Site - specific studies Summary - opal burial efficiency Si & C fluxes through the water column The marine.

Biogenic Silica in Marine Sediments Inputs and Outputs Distribution Burial Efficiency Mechanisms of dissolution & preservation.

Organic Matter decomposition in marine sediments: Overview.

Tuesday: OM flux to the sea floor is: variable in space and time a very small fraction of primary production compositionally distinct from fresh plankton.

Zachos et al., 2001 CHALLENGE ONE Background: Global deep-sea oxygen (δ 18 O) and carbon (δ 13 C) isotopes from sediment cores taken from the bottom of.

WP11 Model performance assessment and initial fields for scenarios. Objectives and deliverables To determine, how well biogeochemical ocean general circulation.

Globally, O2 accounts for ~90% of OM decomposition at depths > 1000 m. Pore water profiles suggest: Pelagic sediments: O2 95 – 100 % Continental margins.

The Biological Pump The biological pump is the process by which CO2 fixed in photosynthesis is transferred to the ocean interior resulting in a temporary.

Susan Hartman Richard Lampitt & others NOC

Fe and Mn in sediments Their use as electron acceptors for Corg oxidation Mn cycling within the sediment column Fe cycling within the sediment column.

Iron and Biogeochemical Cycles

Sedimentary denitrification

The Biological Pump The biological pump is the process by which CO2 fixed in photosynthesis is transferred to the ocean interior resulting in a temporary.

Pore water oxygen profiles and benthic oxygen fluxes

Presentation transcript:

The Sea Floor as a Sediment Trap: Contributions to JGOFS from Benthic Flux Studies Richard A. Jahnke Skidaway Institute of Oceanography Milestones and Acknowledgements Why Benthic Fluxes are Useful Global Distribution of Sea Floor Flux Opal as Ballast for POC Flux

Major Highlights in the Development of Deep Sea Benthic Flux Studies Ken Smith (SIO) begins frequent benthic oxygen fluxes measurements in the deep sea with the free vehicle grab respirometer Clare Reimers (OSU) introduces microelectrode oxygen pore water measurements

Major Highlights in the Development of Deep Sea Benthic Flux Studies Fred Sayles begins in situ benthic flux time-series measurements off Bermuda Ken Smith deploys ROVER for long time- series, benthic flux measurements >20 groups world- wide

What makes benthic flux measurements useful to JGOFS? Ultimate Sediment Trap Represents deep, climate time-scale fluxes Solute fluxes supported by remineralization - a destructive process Dampen input variability - facilitating estimate of mean fluxes Physical boundary, multiple approaches for assessing accuracy Links modern processes to the sediment record Provides a approach

What makes benthic flux measurements useful to JGOFS? Ultimate Sediment Trap Dominated by deep, climate time-scale fluxes Solute fluxes supported by remineralization - a destructive process Dampen input variability - facilitating estimate of mean fluxes Physical boundary, multiple approaches for assessing accuracy Links modern processes to the sediment record Provides a approach

Benthic O 2 and Si Fluxes (Sayles) & POC and PSi Fluxes (Deuser)

Smith Time-series Northeastern Pacific

What makes benthic flux measurements useful to JGOFS? Ultimate Sediment Trap Dominated by deep, climate time-scale fluxes Solute fluxes supported by remineralization - a destructive process Dampen input variability - facilitating estimate of mean fluxes Physical boundary, multiple approaches for assessing accuracy Links modern processes to the sediment record Provides a approach

Flux Comparison Average Microelectrode Flux 45±22 µmol O 2 cm -2 yr -1 Average Chamber Flux 44±11 µmol O 2 cm -2 yr -1 Reimers et al.1992

What makes benthic flux measurements useful to JGOFS? Ultimate Sediment Trap Dominated by deep, climate time-scale fluxes Solute fluxes supported by remineralization - a destructive process Dampen input variability - facilitating estimate of mean fluxes Physical boundary, multiple approaches for assessing accuracy Links modern processes to the sediment record Provides an alternative perspective on deep fluxes

Behrenfeld & Falkowski, 1997 Primary Productivity

Sea Floor Flux Summaries (10 12 mol O 2 yr -1 ) Slope Rise Equator Gyre Total Atlantic 3.4 (23) 3.5 (24) 0.53 (3) 7.4 (50) 14.8 Pacific 4.8 (20) 4.2 (17) 3.1 (13) 12 (50) 24.1 Indian 4.3 (28) 3.9 (25) 0.9 (6) 6.3 (41) 15.4 Ocean 12.5 (23) 11.6 (21) 4.5 (8) 25.7 (47) 54.3

R. Schlitzer

Wenzhofer & Glud (2002) Total Benthic Oxygen Uptake

Francois et al Sediment Trap Locations

Trap POC Flux - Ballast Flux Correlations Francois et al. 2002

Klaas & Archer, 2002

Benthic Fluxes Predicted from Sediment Trap Regressions and Benthic POC Flux Estimate Carrying Phase POC Flux % of Total (10 12 g/yr) CaCO SiO Clay Klaas & Archer, 2002

Heinze, et al. In press (GBC) HAMOCC model & Biogeochemical Si Cycle Pacific N-S SectionAtlantic N-S Section

Heinze, et al. In press (GBC) HAMOCC model & Biogeochemical Si Cycle

Free Vehicle Chamber - North Carolina Slope

Benthic Flux Chamber Results Values in g m -2 y -1

values in g m -2 y -1 Trap - Chamber Comparison

Conclusions Sea floor is the ultimate sediment trap Benthic flux distributions provide a unique perspective of global particulate fluxes Variations in benthic fluxes imply large differences in POC transfer efficiency to the deep ocean Fluxes of mineral components imply significant variations in the role of individual ballasting materials. Future flux studies may need to expand to additional ecosystem types to achieve global closure of the biological carbon pump.

Annual Sediment Trap Fluxes All values in g m -2 d -1 Klaas & Archer, 2002