The Roaring 20’s 1920’s End of WWI “Fun Times Begin” –Dancing –Music –Drinking –Spending –Less Work Hours –Higher Wages

Why was this bad? Credit System –Borrowed Money WWI –U.S. Credit Nation –Many Nations could not pay U.S back

The Stock Market People bought stocks on margin Borrowed Money to buy Stock

Herbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover President During The Great Depression Republican President

MAIN CAUSES OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION Stock Market Crashes Spending on Credit Hawley Smooth Tariff

Stock Market Crashes Many found being broke humiliating.

And then…. How Did the Stock Market Crash? Stock Prices decreased slowly Investors Panicked Tried to Sell Stocks –This leads to a further decline in stocks prices –Black Tuesday Oct 29 th Stocks became worthless

Credit Hides Problems Bought stock on margin Lost money / had to pay back loans Stocks –Based on Speculation –Gambling money

Hawley-Smoot Tariff Hoover placed a tax on goods imported from Europe This Increased the price on Europeans Goods into U.S Hoover wanted to increase revenue for U.S Backfired Europeans placed tax on goods coming from U.S Destroyed International Trade Caused Global Depression

The Great Depression Begins Market crashing lead to -Banking system failed Businesses shut down Companies went bust Unemployment soared

EFFECTS OF DEPRESSION Farmers Many farms foreclosed Factories shut down Businesses shut down Banks could not pay out money People out of work-bankrupt Schools shut down due to lack of funds Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

“Hooverville” Shanty Towns –Shacks & Tents in vacant lots Referred to as “Hooverville”

Drought in the South lead to Dust Storms “The Dust Bowl”

The South Buried Drought + Intensive Farming –lose top-soil + High Winds = Dust Storms Occurred in The Great Plains Known as The Dust Bowl

Two Families During the Depression

Farms Foreclosure

Hoovers Response Created Reconstruction Finance Corporation- RFC TRICLE DOWN ECONOMICS –Loaned Money to Banks –In-turn banks would Loans to Businesses –Business would hire workers –Production would then increase Hoover’s Economic Approach-Hands off Laissez Faire - Let business cycle work its self out Trickle Down Economics

Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts like baskets.

Bonus Army Congress promised money to WWI Veterans Suffering During the Depression so they wanted their bonus Marched to Washington to Demand Bonus Hoover-Sent troops to disperse the crowd

*FDR* FDR Franklin D. Roosevelt Elected as New President During Depression Inaugurated -Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed Plan enacted: New Deal

Major Historical Happenings... Jim Crow Laws Scottsboro Trials Recovering from the Great Depression Racial Injustice Poor South

Jim Crow Laws After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws.American Civil War These laws included segregation in… –Schools-- Hospitals –Theaters-- Water fountains –Restaurants –Hotels –Public transportation –Some states forbid inter-racial marriages

These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished till the late 1950’s (even then still not completely).

9 young African- American men (13- 20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931 Immediately sentenced to death Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed

Started on a train bound for Memphis Several white men boarded and picked a fight with the black men Whites were forced off train by the 12 black men. The white men reported the black men had raped two white girls on the train to authorities They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.

The trials caused a huge uproar amongst the black community.

Wrote To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960 Based the story on her life growing up in Monroeville, Alabama TKAM was the only novel she ever wrote