CHAPTER FIFTEEN The West and the Changing Balance of Power World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman *AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  I. The Decline of the Old Order II. The Rise of the West III. Western Expansion: The Experimental Phase IV. Outside the World Network

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Decline of the Old Order  Abbasids ► Mongols  Byzantine Empire ► Ottoman Turks  Social and Cultural Change in the Middle East  Religious leaders in control by 1300  Landlords dominate peasants - Serfdom - Economic decline  Power Vacuum in International Leadership  Mongol decline hinders international trade  Ottomans expanding but not yet an international power Write 3 Questions from your reading notes on this section of the chapter

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Chinese Exploration and Return to Isolation  Ming dynasty ( )  replaces the Yuan (Mongols driven back behind the Great Wall)  expansionist - Into Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet  State sponsors commercial ventures to India, M.E., Africa  Chinese treasure fleets - Muslim admiral Zhenghe – expeditions stopped  More isolationist – WHY?

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 The Voyages of Zheng He  -commanded over 2,000 vessels  -communication? –bells, drums, carrier pidgeons, fireworks  -Yongle Dadian – major encyclopedia of all Chinese knowledge contained in 11,095 books  -ambassadors & translators for every country/language  -Gifts aboard: thousands of slave girls; calendars; navigation maps  -supplied by water tankers and grain & horse ships  -medical officer for every 150 men  -carried a thousand tons of cargo

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Rise of the West  Period of relative stagnation 14 th - 15th centuries  Aristocracy - court ritual  Military decline  Food supplies insufficient - Famine  Black Death  Medieval Europe - Monarchies - Increasingly centralized  Aristocracy less of a threat  Iberia – (Spain & Portugal)  Catholic Monarchs start Reconquista in Northern Spain  International Problems for W. Europe  Trade imbalance w/ east for luxury products  Gold shortage by 1400  Trade also threatened by Ottomans  Problems: need gold, need to find a route to Asia, need to make quality goods  Solutions? Make a connection between the rise of the West and prior civilizations we’ve studied Draw the international problems facing W. Europe

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  The walled city of Carcassone, France The

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Secularism - Italian Renaissance  Italy led the rise of West - 14th century  Secular approach - Personal fame for artists, writers  Italian city-states competed amongst themselves to support better works of art  Medici Family - powerful & influential Florentine family (13 th – 17 th C)  produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII & Leo XI)  numerous rulers of Florence - Lorenzo the Magnificent - patron of some of the most famous works of Renaissance art  members of the French and English royalty  dominated their city's gov’t - created an environment where art & humanism could flourish  led the birth of the Italian Renaissance  Human Values and Renaissance Culture  Humanism - Ambitious, confident mood  Interest in classical (Greek/Roman) past  Painters start using perspective, shadow  More interested in the individual, the human body, human emotions, etc. - not entirely focused on religion Compare and contrast chart ItalyIberia Cosimo de Medici, Duke of Tuscany, Italy mid 1500s

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Iberian Peninsula- Religious Mission  -Reconquista - starting 11 th C  -Regions of Castile & Aragon allied through marriage in 1469 – Ferdinand & Isabella  -Christian mission to expel Muslims / Jews

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  The Sistine Madonna by Raphael  Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503– 1505/1507)—Louvre, Paris; Leonardo da Vinci

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  The Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademia, Venice; Leonardo da Vinci Portrait of a Venetian by Titian Portrait of a Venetian by Titian

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Western Expansion: Early Explorations  The Genoese Vivaldi brothers (1291)  disappear after passing Gibraltar  14th century explorers  Canary Islands, Madeiras, possibly the Azores  Spanish expeditions - west African coast  Colonialism  Azores, Madeiras, and Canaries exploited  Prince Henry of Portugal  Land grants  Cash crops for European markets  Slaves used Cause / Effect Chart of Western Exploration Islands Africa Americas Polynesia

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007  Outside the World Network  Americas & Polynesia not part of international trade  Political Issues in the Americas  Aztec and Inca challenged after 1400  Aztecs face resistance from subjects  Inca expansion jeopardizes the state  Local leaders a threat  Expansion, Migration & Conquest in Polynesia,  Migrations, conquest  Hawaii settled then cut off from Polynesia  Isolated Achievements by the Maoris  New Zealand settled – ca. 8th century  Maori  Population expansion  Sophisticated art Polynesian Expansion

Chapter 15: The West and the Changing Balance of Power Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 Compare Contrast:  Compare/contrast the impact of Mongols, Muslims, Byzantines on world trade  Compare/contrast impact of China on Vietnam, Korea, or Japan  Compare/contrast the rise of Mongols, Byzantines, Muslims  Compare/contrast the economies of China, Islam, Byzantine  Compare/contrast the impact of religion in W. Europe, E. Europe, China, India, S.W. Asia