The SUN
What is the earth’s primary source of energy? The Sun
What is the sun made of? Gas
3. Draw the sun and label the four main parts.
Photos Light
Sphere Ball
6. The photosphere is the surface of the sun. What does it do? Radiates light from the sun
7. The sun’s photosphere is composed of 90%__________ and 10%_________. Hydrogen Helium Hydrogen atoms
8. Chromosphere Thin layer of hot gases
9. Corona Outermost portion of the solar atmosphere
10. Solar Wind Streams of protons and electrons that boil from the corona
11. Sunspot Dark areas on the surface of the photosphere
12. Why do sunspots appear dark? Because of their cooler temperature, 1500 k (2240.33 °F) less than the surrounding solar surface.
13. Prominences Huge cloudlike structures made of chromospheric gases
14. Solar Flare Brief outbursts of energy from a sunspot
Solar Flare
15. What do solar flares release? Ultraviolet, radio, and X-ray radiation
16. What causes an Aurora? A strong solar flare
17. What is another name for an Aurora? Northern and Southern Lights
18. Deep in its interior, the sun produces energy by a process known as __________ _________. Nuclear Fusion H H
19. What happens during the process of nuclear fusion? Four hydrogen nuclei are converted into the nucleus of a helium atom Energy is released
20. What is Einstein’s equation and what does it mean? E = mc2 The energy of an object is equal to its mass X the speed of light squared
LIGHT
1. Electromagnetic Radiation Types of energy. Gamma rays X-rays Ultraviolet light Visible light Infrared radiation Microwaves Radio waves
Longer wavelength Shorter wavelength
2. Wavelength Distance from one wave crest (top) to the next.
3. Frequency The number of waves in a certain distance.
4. Electromagnetic Spectrum Arrangement of waves according to their wavelength and frequencies.
5. Speed of Light 300,000 km/s or 3.0 x 105 km/s or 3.0E5 km/s. All forms of energy waves travel at this speed.
How fast is the speed of light in miles per hour? 1 km per hour = _______________ mph 0.621371192 300,000 km per second X 60 seconds = 18,000,000 km per hour 18,000,000 km per hour X 0.621371192 = 11,184,681.456 mph
6. Visible Light The band of electromagnetic radiation we can see.
7. Photon Stream of light particles, a small particle of light.
8. Radiation Pressure The force exerted by photons. Photons actually push on matter.
Radiation The transfer of energy (heat) through space by electromagnetic waves.
COLOR WAVELENGTH Violet 380-440 Blue 440-500 Green 500-560 Yellow Table 1: Colors and Corresponding Wavelengths COLOR WAVELENGTH Violet 380-440 Blue 440-500 Green 500-560 Yellow 560-590 Orange 590-640 Red 640-750
9. Which color has the longest wavelength? RED 10. Which color has the highest frequency? VIOLET
Longer wavelength = Lower Frequency Shorter wavelength = Higher Frequency More Energy
24.1 The Study of Light Spectroscopy Absorption Spectrum • An absorption spectrum is a continuous spectrum produced when white light passes through a cool gas under low pressure. The gas absorbs selected wavelengths of light, and the spectrum looks like it has dark lines superimposed.
24.1 The Study of Light Spectroscopy Emission Spectrum • An emission spectrum is a series of bright lines of particular wavelengths produced by a hot gas under low pressure. • When the spectrum of a star is studied, the spectral lines act as “fingerprints.” These lines identify the elements present and thus the star’s chemical composition.
Formation of Spectra Makes no sense without caption in book
24.1 The Study of Light The Doppler Effect The Doppler effect is the apparent change in frequency of electromagnetic or sound waves caused by the relative motions of the source and the observer. In astronomy, the Doppler effect is used to determine whether a star or other body in space is moving away from or toward Earth.
The Doppler Effect Makes no sense without caption in book
Doppler effect on light