:) Q&AQ&A a confident and optimistic young woman a talent singer a singer enjoying singing on stage a smiling singer a singer with a unique voice a singer who/that has just passed away because of breast cancer a singer liked and admired by large numbers of young fans

Q&AQ&A :) G uess! ? who It can be a wonderful present for foreigners who love Chinese culture. which It is a Chinese folk art which has a long history. that It is something that people can use to make patterns on clothing. whose It can be used by the people whose purposes are to celebrate festivals. which It is made of paper which can be used to decorate the house.

1 Underline and pick out the sentences with the patterns in the text. Activity 1. Find them out !

1 1.Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. 2.Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age. 3.Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty! 4. A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman's paper skills before marrying her! 5. There are three types of paper cuts which people still make today. 6. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children. 7. Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are often used to celebrate weddings. 8. People to whom the dead person was related would make these offerings on special days and during festivals.

Find these relative pronouns in the text: who, that, which, whose, whom Which of them: a) can refer to people? b) can refer to things? c) refers to possession? who, that, whom that, which whose R elative Clauses 定语从句 2. Summarize the grammar rules.

2 1.Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed for my article on Chinese Art. Chen Zijiang is a paper-cutting expert. I interviewed him for my article on Chinese Art. 2. A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman's paper skills before marrying her! A young farmer wanted a wife. He would look at a young woman’s paper skills before marrying her ! 1. Divide the following sentences into two sentences. Activity 2. Give it try !

2 3. Paper-cutting is something that he learned to do from an early age. Paper-cutting is something. He learned to do it from an early age. 4. Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty! Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs. They date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty! 5. A present for parents whose child has recently been born might show a paper cut of children. A present for parents might show a paper cut of children. Their child has recently been born.

2 farmer who wanted a wife expert whom I interviewed something that he learned to do paper cuts which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty parents whose child has recently been born People’s 2. The structure people things n. pron. 先行词 n. pron. 先行词 R elative Clauses 先行词 + 关系词 ( 引导词） + 定语从句。 关系词 定语从句

Attributive Clause: 定语从句指在主句中起定语作用，并修 饰主句中的某一名词或代词或者整个主句 的句子。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫 先行词。 定 语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面， 所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句， 根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断 是否是定语从句。

关系词三个作用： (1) 引导定语从句。 (2) 代替先行词。 (3) 在定语从句中担当一个成分。 An accountant is a person who has to check numbers every day. ( 下定义 )

Ex7:Look at these expressions from the text and decide when can leave out who etc.: 1. a paper-cutting expert whom I interviewed. 2. something that he learned. 3. a young farmer who wanted a wife. ( ) 4. paper cuts which show the Chinese character. 5. parents whose child has recently been born.

指代 所做成分 是否可省略 that 人；物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 which 物 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 who 人 主语；宾语 作宾语可省 whom 人 宾语 可省 whose 人；物 定语 不可省 关系代词的用法 关系代词 

Ex9:Read the sentences below. Circle the relative pronouns and underline the relative clauses. Cross out the pronouns which can be left out. 1.I loved the meal that we had last night. 2.The opera that we saw was terribly boring.

3. I think the architect who designed the new building is very creative. 4. Have you bought the CD which I told you about? 5. He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his lifetime.

Practice (1) The girl who/that is standing there is Mary. (2) The man ( whom/who/that ) my mother saw in the street is my teacher. (3) The book which/that tells us about the earth is interesting. ( who, that 指人，在从句中作主语） (whom, who, that 指人，在从句中作宾语，也可省 略 ) (which, that 指物，在从句中作主语, 不可省略 )

(4) The building (which/that) he referred to is beautiful. (5) She lives in a house whose windows face south. (6) The company will employ a person whose English is good. The book whose cover /the cover of which/ of which the cover is blue. (which, that 指物，在从句中作宾语，可省 略） (whose 指物，在从句中作 windows 的定语） (whose 在从句中指人，作定语 ) whose 即可指人， 也可指物，是所有格，在从句中作定语，指物时可 与 of which 互换, 指人时可与 of whom 互换。

做定语从句三步：第一 找出先行词；第二看先行词 在定语从句中的语法功能（ 做主语、宾语或状语）；第 三选择合适的关系词。

Notices: that/ which 区别 1.that 指物时一般可以与 which 互换，但在下列情 况中一般只能用 that, 不可以用 which: I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. ①当先行词中有不定代词 all, much, little, few, some, no, none, any, something, anything, everything, nothing 等时. ②先行词被 one of, the right, the only, the very, the last 等修饰时. very, the last 等修饰时. This is the very book (that) I want to find.

This is the first composition (that) he has written in English. ④先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 。 ③ 当主句是特殊疑问句时，定语从句用 that 引导。 What that is on the table belongs to me? ⑤主句是 there be 句型 Once upon a time, there was a lion that was called Simba.

China is no longer the country that it used to be. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. ⑥ 当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句要用 that 引导。 ⑦当先行词在主句中或关系代词在定语从句中做表 语时.

2. 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况 : ① 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时. a. Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking. b. He came late again, which made the teacher angry. ② 先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。 This is the house in which Lu Xun lived. 如果介词后置： This is the house which/that Lu Xun lived in. This is the house where Lu Xun lived.

学从句, 猜灯谜 1. What is the question that has millions of correct answers? That’s to say, everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. 2. What English word means a boy or a girl who goes to school and at the same time is the name of a part of a face? 3.What is that which the more you take from the larger it grows? 4. There is a place, where Thursday comes before Wednesday. Where is it ? pupil hole In the dictionary. What is your name?

That man is the richest whose pleasure are the cheapest. 能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。 － Henry David Thoreau （美国作家梭罗） Only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly ever acquire the skill to do difficult things easily. 只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻 而易举的完成困难的事。 － Friedrich Schiller （德国剧作家诗人席勒） Proverbs

A man can succeed in almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm. 无论何事，只要对它有无限的热情你就能取得 成功。 － C. M. Schwabe （美国实业家施瓦布） The man who has made up his mind to win will never say "impossible". 凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说 " 不可能的 " 。 － Bonapart Napoleon （法国皇帝拿破仑）

Exercise10 Fill the blanks 1. that/ \ 2. who / that ( better) 3. that / which 4. whose 5. that / who 6. who / that ( better)

I am studying in a famous school which/ that dates back to When you entering the second school gate, you will see that on the left side of the school is the library in which I often read books. On the right side are two teaching buildings and a meeting room whose door faces south. In the middle of the campus stands another teacher building. Behind it are the science building and the playground (which/that) I like best because I can do exercise there. The dormitories of teachers and students are around the campus.

I have great respect for my teachers who/that devote themselves to their work. Besides, the two foreign teachers whose name are Blake and Michele are easily spotted in the crowds. They are friendly to us. What’s more, my deskmate is one of the nicest people (that/who/ whom) I have ever met. I also get along well with my classmates from whom I learn much. I have a great love for my school life.

The girl who is raising her hand is my sister. He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.

I like the man who is thinking now. I lost the glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.

This is a truck which is made in China. The piano is a kind of instruments that is loved by many people.

Ex11. Add relative clauses to complete the sentences 1. I enjoy watching films which … I enjoy watching films that… 2. I like meeting people who… I like meeting people whose… 3. I like visiting places that… I like visiting paces which…

Examples 1. I enjoy watching films which tells wars. I enjoy watching films that are starred by Bruce Lee. 2. I like meeting people who are open-minded. I like meeting people whose mother tongue is English. 3. I like visiting places that have plenty of tourist attractions. I like visiting paces which have no heavy traffic and crowds.

1. Do you like decorations that are made out of silk/ thread? 2. Do you have friends who are a paper- cutting / badminton/basketball expert? 3. Do you study subjects that has many abstract concepts? 4. Do you have neighbors whose daughter is going to study abroad? 5.Do you listen to music which has loud noise/ has quick rhythm/ sounds sad?

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. China is no longer the country that it used to be.

EX that/ \ 2. that/ who 3. that/ which /\ 4. whose 5. that / who 6. who/ that

3 List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor Once upon a time, there was a girl called Mary ________________. She found a gold egg one evening in her small and poor house ________________. The emperor_________ heard of the news and really wanted to take a look. So the other day he rode on an elephant _____________________to Mary ’ s home. At the entrance______________________ _____, a strong wind stopped him________… … Create your funny story

3 List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor Once upon a time, there was a girl called Mary whose hair was really brown. She found a gold egg one evening in her small and poor house which was far away from England. The emperor who loved looking for every valuable object heard of the news and really wanted to take a look. So the other day he rode on an elephant which was the gift from India to Mary’s home. At the entrance that the emperor would go through, a strong wind stopped him which made the emperor very sad

B ye ! :) Polish your own story to make it more attractive. H omework:

3 A ctivity 3. Design your story ! 1. Write up definitions for each item in the list, using relative clauses. You may refer to your dictionary. An emperor: a person who rules a country For example: List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor List 12 an egg England an elephant the evening an entrance an emperor 2. Read out your definitions for others to guess.