PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= __________ Natal=__________

Prenatal Development TERMS Egg (ovum) Egg (ovum) female cell needed for reproduction female cell needed for reproduction Sperm Sperm male cell needed for reproduction male cell needed for reproduction Conception-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancyConception-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy

What happens during conception? Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual intercourse. Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual intercourse. Sperm & Egg UNITE/join, come together Sperm & Egg UNITE/join, come together Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian tubes. Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian tubes. If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the surface. If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the surface. In most cases, only ________________ sperm is successful. In most cases, only ________________ sperm is successful. At fertilization, the sperm seals out/stops the remaining sperm, which eventually die. At fertilization, the sperm seals out/stops the remaining sperm, which eventually die. Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION! Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION! Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over. Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over. You won’t have a period ladies!!! You won’t have a period ladies!!! The male determines the sex of the child. The male determines the sex of the child. ALWAYS ALWAYS XY=_______________ OR XX=___________________ XY=_______________ OR XX=___________________

Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!! multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmvhttp:// multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv

Ovulation Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries

Fallopian Tube Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

Uterus Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy. Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.

Implantation Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall. Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.

Amniotic Sac “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid

Amniotic Fluid Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy “ My water broke.” is a term women use. It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.

Placenta Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that is rich in blood vessels and plays a role in bringing food and oxygen from the mother’s body to a developing baby Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that is rich in blood vessels and plays a role in bringing food and oxygen from the mother’s body to a developing baby

Blastocyst A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining

Umbilical Cord Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby

Full Term Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy. Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.

Hormones Chemicals in the body that cause changes Chemicals in the body that cause changes

Trimesters 3 month period 3 month period 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy 1 st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 1 st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 2 nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 2 nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 3 rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9 3 rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9

Which trimester is this??

Prenatal Terms Quickening Quickening 4-5 th month 4-5 th month When mother feels that baby move When mother feels that baby move Lightening Lightening Baby drops into pelvic area before birth Baby drops into pelvic area before birth

Order of Development A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: 1. Zygote 2. Embryo 3. Fetus.

1 st Stage: Zygote/Fertilized Egg Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy fertilized egg and implantation fertilized egg and implantation Travels down fallopian tube and attaches itself to uterus Travels down fallopian tube and attaches itself to uterus Grows by cell division Grows by cell division Divide and become two and so on and so on. Divide and become two and so on and so on. 2 weeks, size of pinhead 2 weeks, size of pinhead

Zygote

2 nd Stage: Embryo weeks 3-8 weeks 1 st -Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body 1 st -Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body 2 nd -Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo 2 nd -Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo 3 rd -Placenta 3 rd -Placenta 4 th -Umbilical Cord 4 th -Umbilical Cord

Embryo

The Stages of Zygote & Embryo Division multiply

Let’s take a closer look!!!

3 rd Stage: Fetus AKA: Final Stage 2 nd -9 th Month 2 nd -9 th Month 1st time child is called fetus 1st time child is called fetus Human-like features Human-like features Fetal movement Fetal movement 4 th and/or 5th month 4 th and/or 5th month Labor occurs Labor occurs Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born

Fetus

Fetus

First Trimester Month 1-3 Month 1 Month 1 Egg attaches to lining of uterus Egg attaches to lining of uterus Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form The heart begins to beat The heart begins to beat Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs About the size of a pinhead at two weeks About the size of a pinhead at two weeks

First Trimester Month 1-3 Month 2 Month 2 Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shape Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shape Bones begin to form Bones begin to form About ¼ inch long as month begins About ¼ inch long as month begins

First Trimester Month 1-3 Month 3 Month 3 Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids form Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids form Fingers and toes complete Fingers and toes complete All organs present, although immature All organs present, although immature About 1 inch long as month begins About 1 inch long as month begins

1 st Trimester OVERVIEW Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilization Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilization Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick lining Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick lining Cell division begins Cell division begins Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus All major organ systems form All major organ systems form Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage Embryo at 4 weeks Embryo at 4 weeks 1/6 of an inch long 1/6 of an inch long Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are forming Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are forming Do not copy

Second Trimester Month 4-6 Month 4 Month 4 Can suck its thumb Can suck its thumb Swallow Swallow Hiccup Hiccup Move around Move around Facial features become clear Facial features become clear About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month begins About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month begins

Second Trimester Month 4-6 Month 5 Month 5 Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear Teeth continue to develop Teeth continue to develop Organs are maturing Organs are maturing Becomes more active Becomes more active About 6 ½ inches long and 4-5 ounces About 6 ½ inches long and 4-5 ounces

Second Trimester Month 4-6 Month 6 Month 6 Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled Breathing movements begins Breathing movements begins 8-10 inches long and 8-12 ounces as month begins 8-10 inches long and 8-12 ounces as month begins

2 nd Trimester OVERVIEW Stage of the fetus Stage of the fetus Baby recognizable as human Baby recognizable as human All internal organs present, but not functioning All internal organs present, but not functioning Quickening: 4 th –5 th month fetal movement felt Quickening: 4 th –5 th month fetal movement felt Fetus at 14 weeks Fetus at 14 weeks muscles lengthen and become organized muscles lengthen and become organized Fetus at 16 weeks Fetus at 16 weeks Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault Fetus at 20 weeks Fetus at 20 weeks Can hear and recognize mothers voice Can hear and recognize mothers voice Fingernails and fingerprint appear Fingernails and fingerprint appear Sex organs are visible Sex organs are visible Fetus at 24 weeks: Fetus at 24 weeks: Covered with a fine hair Covered with a fine hair Protected by a waxy substance called vernix Protected by a waxy substance called vernix Breaths in amniotic fluid Breaths in amniotic fluid Do not copy

Third Trimester Month 7-9 Month 7 Month 7 Periods of activity followed by periods of rest and quiet Periods of activity followed by periods of rest and quiet inches long and 1 ½ pounds inches long and 1 ½ pounds

Third Trimester Month 7-9 Month 8 Month 8 Weight gain rapidly Weight gain rapidly May react to loud noises with reflex jerking action May react to loud noises with reflex jerking action Moves into a head down position Moves into a head down position inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as month begins inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as month begins

Third Trimester Month 7-9 Month 9 Month 9 Weight gain continues until the week before birth Weight gain continues until the week before birth Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue Movements decrease as the fetus has less room to move around Movements decrease as the fetus has less room to move around Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the mother’s blood, Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the mother’s blood, Descends into pelvis, ready for birth Descends into pelvis, ready for birth inches longs and 5-6 pounds as month begins inches longs and 5-6 pounds as month begins

3 rd Trimester OVERVIEW Period of the fetus Period of the fetus Last 3 months of pregnancy Last 3 months of pregnancy Fetus is capable of living outside the womb Fetus is capable of living outside the womb LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen Sleeps 90-95% of the day Sleeps 90-95% of the day Birth at 40 weeks Birth at 40 weeks At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own Do not copy

Fetal Development What does my baby look like? What does my baby look like? Growth of a baby is a continuous process Growth of a baby is a continuous process Often conveys a sense of awe Often conveys a sense of awe Month 1 Month 1 Month 1 Month 1 Month 2 Month 2 Month 2 Month 2 Month 3 Month 3 Month 3 Month 3 Month 4 Month 4 Month 4 Month 4 Month 5 Month 5 Month 5 Month 5 Month 6 Month 6 Month 6 Month 6 Month 7 Month 7 Month 7 Month 7 Month 8 Month 8 Month 8 Month 8 Month 9 Month 9 Month 9 Month 9

First Trimester Month 1 4 weeks At the end of the four weeks ¼ inch in length Heart, digestive system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop The single fertilized egg is now 10,000 times larger than size at conception

First Trimester Month 2 8 weeks At the end of 8 weeks: 1-1/8 inches long 1-1/8 inches long Heart is functioning Heart is functioning Eyes, nose, lips, tongue, ears and teeth are forming Eyes, nose, lips, tongue, ears and teeth are forming Penis begins to appear in boys Penis begins to appear in boys Baby is moving Baby is moving although the mother can not yet feel movement although the mother can not yet feel movement

First Trimester Month 3 12 weeks At the end of 12 weeks: 2 1/2 to 3 inches long 2 1/2 to 3 inches long Wt. ½ - 1 oz Wt. ½ - 1 oz Baby develops recognizable form, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes nails, and earlobes are formed Baby develops recognizable form, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes nails, and earlobes are formed Eyes are almost fully developed Eyes are almost fully developed Baby has developed most of his/her organs and tissues Baby has developed most of his/her organs and tissues Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler

Second Trimester Month 4 16 weeks At the end of 4 months: 6 1/2 to 7 inches long 6 1/2 to 7 inches long Wt. 6-7 oz Wt. 6-7 oz Baby is developing reflexes, such as sucking and swallowing and may begin sucking his/her thumb Baby is developing reflexes, such as sucking and swallowing and may begin sucking his/her thumb Tooth buds are developing Tooth buds are developing Sweat glands are forming on palms and soles Sweat glands are forming on palms and soles Fingers and toes are well defined Fingers and toes are well defined Sex is identifiable Sex is identifiable Skin is bright pink, transparent and covered with soft, downy hair Skin is bright pink, transparent and covered with soft, downy hair Although recognizably human in appearance, the baby would not be able to survive outside the mother's body Although recognizably human in appearance, the baby would not be able to survive outside the mother's body

Second Trimester Month 5 20 weeks At the end of 5 months: Baby is 8 to 10 inches long Baby is 8 to 10 inches long Weight is about 1 pound Weight is about 1 pound Hair begins to grow on baby's head Hair begins to grow on baby's head Soft woolly hair called lanugos will cover its body. Some may remain until a week after birth, when it is shed. Soft woolly hair called lanugos will cover its body. Some may remain until a week after birth, when it is shed. Mother begins to feel fetal movement Mother begins to feel fetal movement Internal organs are maturing Internal organs are maturing Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear Your breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum in preparation for breastfeeding Your breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum in preparation for breastfeeding

Second Trimester Month 6 24 weeks At the end of 6 months: Baby is 11 to 14 inches long Baby is 11 to 14 inches long Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2 pounds Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2 pounds Eyelids begin to part and eyes open sometimes for short periods of time Eyelids begin to part and eyes open sometimes for short periods of time Skin is covered with protective coating called vernix Skin is covered with protective coating called vernix Baby is able to hiccup Baby is able to hiccup

Third Trimester Month 7 28 weeks At the end of 7 months: Baby is 14 to 16 inches long Baby is 14 to 16 inches long Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 pounds Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 pounds Taste buds have developed Taste buds have developed Fat layers are forming Fat layers are forming Organs are maturing Organs are maturing Skin is still wrinkled and red Skin is still wrinkled and red If born at this time, baby will be considered a premature baby and require special care If born at this time, baby will be considered a premature baby and require special care

Third Trimester Month 8 32 weeks At the end of 8 months: Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds Overall growth is rapid this month Overall growth is rapid this month Tremendous brain growth occurs at this time Tremendous brain growth occurs at this time Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the outside Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the outside Kidneys are mature Kidneys are mature Skin is less wrinkled Skin is less wrinkled Fingernails now extend beyond fingertips Fingernails now extend beyond fingertips

Third Trimester Month weeks At the end of 9 months: Baby is 19 to 20 inches long Baby is 19 to 20 inches long Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2 pounds Weight is about 7 to 7 1/2 pounds The lungs are mature The lungs are mature Baby is now fully developed and can survive outside the mother's body Baby is now fully developed and can survive outside the mother's body Skin is pink and smooth Skin is pink and smooth Baby settles down lower in the abdomen in preparation for birth and may seem less active Baby settles down lower in the abdomen in preparation for birth and may seem less active

Guided practice You will pick a number 1-9 out of the cup. That # will represent a month of pregnancy. You will pick a number 1-9 out of the cup. That # will represent a month of pregnancy. After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of development. After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of development. After objects are collected, display and give a description of the growth represented by each object. After objects are collected, display and give a description of the growth represented by each object.

Independent Practice You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose. You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose. Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read--words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errors Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read--words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errors Your bulletin board must provide the following: Your bulletin board must provide the following: Pictures 10 points Pictures 10 points Grammatical Errors10 points Grammatical Errors10 points Labels20 points Labels20 points Content (info discussed in class)40 points Content (info discussed in class)40 points Gather info from notes, textbook, Internet Gather info from notes, textbook, Internet Creative20 points Creative20 points TOTAL100 Points TOTAL100 Points