TTM 1: Access and core networks, advanced: “ Optical access and transport networks ” Info and Intro Autumn 2014

Info overview Tutors : –Adjunct assoc. professor Steinar Bjørnstad –Possible Guest lecture –The students Assistant: Katina Kralevska Presentations, write name and on list –What is the area of your project work? (2-3 keywords are sufficient) –What do you know about optical networks? Working methods in colloquiums (..discuss..) Curriculum overview Tentative schedule

Form of lectures Based on colloquium form: –Some material is presented by Steinar and guests –Some material is presented by students.. any volunteers? –Hopefully we all learn something … Organised as 2 X 2 hour seminars in “Savannen and Arthur ”, ITEM

Theme overview Course Info & Intro – 1 hour (Steinar) Optical components / transmission – 2 hours (Steinar) Transmission continued, Core & Metro networks, Optical circuit switching (OCS) – 2 hours (Steinar) Optical Transport Network (OTN) – 3 hours (Steinar,Tesfaye) Carrier Ethernet switching (Steinar, Jarle) Protection switching - 3 hours (Steinar, Tewelde) Control and Traffic management - 3 hours (Steinar, Alfredo) Access networks - 3 hours (Steinar, Joakim, Haakon) Optical burst / packet switching (OBS/OPS) - 3 hours (Steinar, Halvard, Sonal) Repetition – Greatest hits, Steinar Total: 21 hours (+ repetition)

Tentative schedule See web-pages

Curriculum / Info / Contacts Curriculum: Conference papers and Journal articles (Mostly ready, some to be decided) Info on web: rt (Room….) –Tlf: –Katina Kralevska

Intro overview Growth rates Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) Optical switching - circuit/wavelength - packet Some facts/observations

Internet growth Moores law (CPU) –Double performance every 18 months, from 1975-> Computer performance –Doubles every 21 months Router performance –Doubles every 21 months Optical link performance –WDM gave a period with cost reduction of two every 12 months Internet traffic trends Growth trends Internet versus telephone

Internet traffic trends 1 1) Prediction made in 2000; believe the last years have not been that fast What do you think will make the traffic grow in the future?

Link capacity growth trend Example of overoptimistic prognosis: Internet traffic forces routers to become ”wire speed” Internet traffic > Voice traffic (?)

Capacity increase in systems Fiber based transport/core networks Switching of high bitrates, Gb/s and Tb/s Introduction of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) World record in lab: 2002 Currently 32 Tb/s OCF 2009

Wavelength division multiplexing Large capacity increase in optical fibers Makes optical networking possible/interresting Earlier Electronic/electrooptical Now Optical amplifier WDM: channels pr fiber 1 channel pr fiber Up to

Optical switches Circuit switching –Switches signals between fibers and/or wavelengths. Wavelength conversion –To avoid collision on wavelengths (in same fiber) Wavelength converter Optical crossconnect

Packet switching More complicated in the optical domain: –Higher speeds needed in switches –Not (currently) available technology for optical processing of headers etc. –The payload information is switched optically –Optical buffering is difficult Optical crossconnect (with or without wavelength conversion) Optical buffers (to handle contention on output) Mux of signals to a WDM signal Separates header and payload Demux of WDM signals

Some key facts Optical switching: –Optical circuit switches are available Switches fibers or wavelengths in fibers Optical wavelength converters are not commercially widely available Optical packet switches in labs Optical buffers/memory is a problem Rapid development in optical transmission: –Systems with more than 1 Tb/s are available –Higher than 30 Tb/s is demonstrated in the lab