Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, 2010 1 D. Habs LMU München Fakultät f. Physik Max-Planck-Institut f. Quantenoptik A Laser-Accelerated.

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Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, D. Habs LMU München Fakultät f. Physik Max-Planck-Institut f. Quantenoptik A Laser-Accelerated Th Beam is Used to Produce Neutron-Rich Nuclei Around the N=126 Waiting Point of the r-Process Via the Fission-Fusion Reaction Mechanism

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, A laser-accelerated Th beam is used to produce neutron-rich nuclei around the waiting point N = 126 of the r-process via the fission-fusion mechanism Radiation Pressure Acceleration (RPA) Atomic stopping of dense ion bunches The astrophysical r-process and the N = 126 waiting point Experimental setup Outline New nuclear and astrophysics with APOLLON

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Ion acceleration TNSA (target-normal sheath acceleration) Low conversion efficiency Huge lasers are required Laser acceleration schemes Former schemes S.C. Wilks et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 542 (2001).

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Normalized areal electron density: Normalized vector potential: Optimum ion acceleration for Optimum electron acceleration for ions electrons New Acceleration Mechanism = dimensionless S.G. Rykovanov et al., New J. Phys. 10, (2008). O. Klimo et al., Phys. Rev. ST AB 11, (2008).

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Radiation pressure acceleration (RPA) Cold compression of electron sheet. Rectified dipole field between electrons and ions. Neutral bunch of ions + electrons accelerated. Solid-state density: e cm –3 Classical bunches: 10 8 e cm –3 Very efficient!

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Laser Power: 15 TW (700 mJ in 45 fs) Focused Intensity: a L = 5, Contrast: > A. Henig et al.,“Radiation pressure acceleration of ion beams driven by circularly polarized laser pulses”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, (2009). RPA ion accel. + DLC foils (I) Peak at very low target thickness of 5.6 nmCold target for circular polarization Max-Born Institute (MBI), Berlin

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, RPA ion accel. + DLC foils (II) Hot electronscold electrons Experiment Theory 2D PIC simulations

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, RPA ion accel. + DLC foils (III) Theory 2D PIC simulations electrons ions Phase space rotation Peak in ion spectrum

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, RPA ion accel. + DLC foils (IV) Theory Hot electrons exploding foilCold electrons  = 61 fs

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, RPA ↔ TNSA Ion acceleration RPA: much higher conversion efficiency at short pulse durations. Ultra-thin foils: MBI-laser (Berlin) 45 fs Trident-laser (LANL) 500 fs

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, RPA ↔ TNSA Ion acceleration

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Experimental requirements 1)Ultra-high contrast → Double plasma mirror 2)Ultra-thin target foils I/  or I/  controls acceleration Target technology is important

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Chart of the Nuclides r-process and waiting points Superheavies: Z = 110, T 1/2 = 10 9 a ? recycling of fission fragments ?

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, r-process Solar abundances

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, r-process Supernova II explosions and neutron star merger Neutron star merger Supernova type II explosion

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Nuclear masses Theories and experiment

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Fission-fusion reaction 10 MeV/u H, C, O, 232 Th, beam Th target a) FissionH, C, O + Th → F L + F H fission fragments in target 232 Th Th → fission of beam in F L + F H Reaction of radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of beam + Radioactive short-lived light fission fragments of the target b) Fusion:F L + F L → A Z ≈ nuclei close to N=126 waiting point F L + F H → 232 Thold nuclei F H + F H → unstable

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Stopping power of ion bunches with solid state density Bethe-Bloch formula for individual ion: a) enhanced stopping (10 5 ×) in low-density targets dense bunch interacts with collective wake → reduced fraction of nuclear reaction b) reduced stopping in solid target first electrons of bunch kick out electrons of foil like a snow plow. → enhanced fraction of nuclear reactions. binary collisions k D = Debye wave number long-range collective interaction  p = plasma frequency

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Experimental setup

Dietrich Habs ELI Photonuclear Bucharest, Feb 2, Fission-fusion experiment 1)Study RPA acceleration of heavy elements: efficiency, target shaping, yields 2)Study atomic stopping power of dense ion bunches 3)Perform fission-fusion experiment Estimated yield: 3·10 6 s -1 A =