Report from ICFA Digital Divide Workshop Daegu, Korea, May ‘05 Les Cottrell, Presented at the Internet2 Fall members Meeting, SIG on Supporting International Collaborations in Hard to Network Parts of the World Philadelphia, Sep ICFA=International Committee on Future Accelerators Sponsored by the Particles and Fields Commission of IUPAP

SCIC Standing Committee on Inter-regional Connectivity (SCIC) Charge: –Make recommendations to ICFA concerning the connectivity between America, Asia and Europe. As part of the process of developing these recommendations, the committee should monitor traffic, keep track of technology developments, periodically review forecasts of future bandwidth needs, and provide early warning of potential problems.

Progress in Closing the Digital Divide  We Must Work to Close to Digital Divide, from Several Perspectives  To Allow Scientists in All World Regions to Take Part in Discoveries; to Foster Research and Education  Removing Regional, Last Mile, Local Bottlenecks and Compromises in Network Quality are On the Critical Path  “Dark Fiber” and community owned/operated networks emerging as the means to rapid progress in a growing list of nations: us, ca, nl, jp, kr; pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2 us, ca, nl, jp, kr; pl, cz, br, sk, cn, pt, ie, gr, …; Also GEANT2  Important Examples on the Road to Closing the Digital Divide  GLORIAD (US-Russia-China-Korea) Global Optical Ring  IEEAF “Global Quilt” Ed Fantegrossi, Don Riley; NSF: IRNC and New Initiative on Africa  CHEPREO, WHREN, ANSP and the Brazil HEPGrid in Latin America  Leadership & Outreach: HEP Groups in US, EU, Japan, Korea

GLORIAD Network Date: 3/1/2007 Seattle-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract) Seattle-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract) Beijing-Khabarovsk (Russia)- Novosibirsk, 10 Gbps Hong Kong-Beijing, 10 Gbps Seattle-Chicago-NYC, 10 Gbps (CANARIE Contribution) Seattle-Chicago-NYC, 10 Gbps (CANARIE Contribution) NYC-Amsterdam, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract) NYC-Amsterdam, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract) Amsterdam-Moscow, 10 Gbps Moscow-Novosibirsk, 10 Gbps Seattle-Pusan-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract) Seattle-Pusan-Hong Kong, 10 Gbps (Tyco Contract)

Closing the Digital Divide: R&E Networks in/to Latin America RNP2 and the GIGA Project (ANSP) AmPath: 45 Mbps Links to US (2002-5) CHEPREO (NSF, from 2004): 622 Mbps Sao Paulo – Miami WHREN/LILA (NSF, from 2005)  0.6 to 2.5 G Ring by 2006  Connections to Pacific & Atlantic Wave RedCLARA (EU): Connects 18 Latin Am. NRENs, Cuba; 622 Mbps Link to Europe PacificWave Sao Paulo ANSP AtlanticWave To GEANT 622 Mbps

„Porta Optica – a coordinated task to Heal the Digital Divide to the East...  CE countries – CBDF links to EE neighbours: - Poland: DF connectivity to every eastern neighbour - Scandinavia: the northern route - GRNET: activity in the Balkan region (SEEREN/ SEEFIRE) + the south route  GEANT/TERENA: political & organisational support  all: influencing the EE countries wrt. DF acq., importance of DF infrastructure & business models

TEIN2 Project Partners: –China (CERNET) –Indonesia (ITB) –Malaysia (MDC) –Philippines (ASTI) –Thailand (ThaiREN) –Vietnam (MOST) –Korea (KISDI) –Singapore (SingAREN) –Australia (AARNet) –France (RENATER) –Netherlands (SURFnet) –UK (UKERNA) An initiative of the European Commission with the stated objective of improving connectivity in certain developing countries of the Asia Pacific region Managed by DANTE Contracts Q2/3, operational Q (to end 2007) Exploring collaborations with existing and planned initiatives G. McLaughlin

Philippines: PREGINet Network Map No. of Partner Institutions as of March 31, 2005: Academe = 34 Government = 33 Research = 27 TOTAL 96 2 Mbps Backbone

Satellites vs Terrestrial Terrestrial links via SAT3 & SEAMEW (Mediterranean) Terrestrial not available to all within countries PingER min-RTT measurements from S. African TENET monitoring station

S Africa Connectivity Connections are often indirect –Costly, wastes Intl bw Mike Jensen PingER

Maroc Wide Area Network MARWAN 2 Network at 34 Mbps for Research and high education 45 Mbps 34 Mbps 2 Mbps Rabat Casablanca Abdeslam Hoummada 80% universities connect Typically 2Mbps connection Monopoly carrier

PERN: Network Architecture DRS Karachi Core ATM/Router Islamabad Core ATM/Router Lahore Core ATM/Router 2x2Mbps LAN Switch Access Router DXX OFS OF Node University Customer Replica of Kr./Iba International 2MB DXX OFS University 12 Universities 22 Universities 23 Universities Access Router University International 4MB International 2MB DRS OFS 50 Mbps 57 Mbps 65 Mbps 33 Mbps  HEC will invest $ 4M in Backbone  3 To 9 Points-of-Presence (Core Nodes)  $ 2.4M from HEC to Public Universities for Last Mile Costs  Possible Dark Fiber Initiative

Pakistan performance Infrastructure appears fragile Losses to QEA & NIIT are 3-8% averaged over month RTT ms Loss % Feb05 Jul05 Fiber cut off Karachi causes 12 day outage Jun- Jul ’05, Huge losses of confidence and business Another fiber outage, this time of 3 hours! Power cable dug up by excavators of Karachi Water & Sewage Board Typically once a month losses go to 20%

Worldwide view Developed regions improving by factor 10 in < 6 years Developing regions such as India and Africa are 5-10 years behind May not be catching up.

Good > 1000 kbps; Acceptable 500 to 1000 kbps Poor kbps; Very Poor < 200 kbps Derived Throughput (kbps) Between Monitoring Countries and Remote Regions,Aug ‘05 Remote Region Monitoring Country Intra-developed regions (blue) much Improved. Inter-Regional Connectivity (outside developed world) still Poor to Very Poor. Latin America improving, most of Asia poor, Africa Still Very Poor (< US home) & far Behind

We Need to Work on the Digital Divide from Several Perspectives  Workshops and Tutorials/Training Sessions  For Example: ICFA DD Workshops: Rio 2/04, Daegu May 2005, HONET (Pakistan) 12/04  Share Information: Monitoring, BW Progress; Dark Fiber Projects & Pricing  Model Cases: Poland, Slovakia, Czech Rep., China, Brazil,…  Encourage, and Work on Inter-Regional Projects  GLORIAD, Russia-China-Korea US Optical Ring  Latin America: CHEPREO/WHREN (US-Brazil); RedCLARA  Asia Pacific: TEIN2  Help with Modernizing the Infrastructure  Design, Commissioning, Development  Provide Tools for Effective Use: Monitoring, Collaboration Systems; Advanced TCP Stacks, Grid System Software  Work on Policies and/or Pricing: pk, br, cn, SE Europe, in, …  Encourage Access to Dark Fiber  Raise World Awareness of Problems, & Opportunities for Solutions  Increased Engagement with Government Representatives and Agencies

ICFA SCIC Digital Divide Workshops  Now a Tradition  Daegu May 2005: Excellent occasion to focus on the Asia Pacific  A View of Progress and Remaining Issues  Bring target areas where progress can be made next into focus  E.g. Russia, Pakistan, India, North-South Connections in the Asia Pacific  Next Meeting  Choice of a Key Location: Russia, Poland, Romania have been discussed; expressions of interest welcome.  Greater participation from government representatives

More Information Meeting agenda and links to presentations –

Many systemic factors: Electricity, Import duties, Skills M. Jensen

Average Cost $ 11/kbps/Month

International & National Backbones