Cell Structures, Transport & Homeostasis, and Role of Enzymes Biology EOCT Review Created Spring 2012

DNA and RNA are macromolecules made up of Nucleotides Carbohydrates Lipids Amino acids

2. Which structure would you expect to observe when examining a prokaryotic cell with a microscope? Nucleus Chloroplast Cell membrane mitochondria

3. Homeostasis is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment. Cells have several mechanisms that regulate their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms of cellular homeostasis expands energy? Osmosis Passive transport Diffusion Active transport

4. Which organelle carries out the process of photosynthesis? Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplast Endoplasmic reticulum

5. The place where reactants bind to an enzyme during a reaction is called the Product Activation energy Substrate Active site

6. If an animal were placed in a solution of ocean water, what would happen? The cell would swell because the water solution is hypotonic. The cell would swell because the water solution is hypertonic. The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypertonic. The cell would shrivel because the water solution is hypotonic.

7. Which of the following macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join together to form the structural components of organisms? Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

8. Which of the following macromolecules are the main source of quick energy? Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids Proteins

9. In which type of cellular transport do molecules bind to channel proteins in order to move across a selectively permeable membrane against a concentration gradient? Facilitated transport Active transport Diffusion osmosis

10. Which of the following environmental changes is MOST likely to slow chemical reactions in cells? Increased temperature Decreased temperature An increase in the number of substrate molecules in solutions Neutralization of an acidic environment

11. What does the peak of the blue line represent? Energy of the products Reaction progress Activation energy without a catalyst Activation energy with a catalyst