Introduction and Overview Summer 2014 COMP 2130 Introduction to Computer Systems Computing Science Thompson Rivers University

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction2 Instructor: Mridula HL 407 Office hour: Mon, Wed, Thurs, Fri and by appointment Prerequisites for this course: COMP 1230 with minimum ‘C’, and COMP 1380 with minimum ‘C’ This course is a prerequisite for COMP 3270 Computer Networks COMP 3410 Operating Systems

Course Schedule Span across 5 th May – 11 th June 2014 Number of Lectures : 12 Each lecture has two sessions: Session I : 9:00 to 10:15 AM. Session II : 10:30 to 11:45 AM. Number of Assignments : 4 Number of Marked Quizzes : 3 Number of Seminars : 6 Seminar 2, 4 & 6 : Marked Lab Seminar 6 – presentations TRU-COMP327 Overview3

Marking Scheme Assignments I – 3% II – 3% III – 3% IV – 4% Quizes I – 3% II – 3% III – 3% Seminars I : Paper – 2% 2, 4 & 6: Marked Lab – 8% Mid term Exam - 26 th May 1:00 PM – 25% Final Exam – 45% TRU-COMP2130 Overview4

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction5 Rise of Questions What is a computer system? What is an operating system? Which [programming] language is most powerful? What are the benefits to take this course “Introduction to Computer Systems”? Most universities teach assembly languages, computer architecture and hardware components. You are in a computing science program, and computing science is not much about the development of hardware components. Then what?

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction6 Objectives Understand the fundamentals of computer architecture Experience programming through the powerful C programming language (using GCC - GNU compiler), probably a new programming language to you Experience programming through IA32 assembly language, another new programming language to you Experience reliable programming through the understanding of critical relationship between programming and computer architecture Experience efficient programming through code optimization Why is one programming language, e.g., Java, not enough in computing science?

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction7 Course Contents C programming language Bit and Boolean operations Use of pointers Use of struct data structure Dynamic memory management... Assembly language Introduction to computer systems The fundamentals of computer architecture How does a computer system work? How is computer architecture related to programming? Code optimization... Use of Linux

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction8 Lecture Introduction to computer systems Introduction to C programming language Data representations C: advanced topics Introduction to assembly language – IA32 (Intel Architecture 32) Compiling, linking, loading, and executing Dynamic memory management Code optimization Memory hierarchy, locality, caching Virtual memory (if time permits)

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction9 The better knowledge of computer systems, the better programing. Computer SystemC Programming Language Computer architecture CPU (Central Processing Unit) IA32 assembly language Introduction to C language Compiling, linking, loading, executing Physical main memory MMU (Memory Management Unit) Virtual memory space Memory hierarchy Cache Dynamic memory management Better coding – locality Reliable programming; Efficient programming (code optimization)

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction10 Seminar Use of Linux C programming exercises Exercise questions about computer architecture and programming Explanation of assignments

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction11 Textbooks Bryant and O’Hallaron, Computer Systems: A Programmer’s Perspective, 2/E, Prentice Hall, 2011 ISBN 10: Kernighan and Ritchie, The C Programming Language, Prentice Hall, 1988, ISBN 10: or Schaum Series

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction12 Evaluation Quizzes19% Programming Assignments16% Programming Exam25% Final test40% In order to pass the course, students must achieve minimum of 50% on overall quizzes & Assignments, and minimum of 50% on the mid term and final exam

TRU-COMP2130 Introduction13 Questions? Anything that you want to know more? Any comment? Any question?

TRU-COMP2130 Overview14 Overview – Why C? Why C? Most system programs are written in C, not even C++, for fast execution. The kernels of most operating systems are written in C. A lot of projects use C. Pros and cons Fast execution -\ Easy memory management - > Good for system programming Bit operation -/ But a bit complex concepts of pointer, type conversion and memory allocation How is C different from Java?

TRU-COMP2130 Overview15 General purpose programming language popularity index From lang-index.sourceforge.net Published at March 2012

TRU-COMP2130 Overview16 Programming language populatiry From langpop.com Published at April 13, 2011

TRU-COMP2130 Overview17 How is C different from Java? CJava Procedural No class Common data: global variables Abstract data type: struct, union Object oriented Class Common data: instance variables Abstract data type: class Micro approach Individual utility libraries Macro approach Utilities include language itself Reference type variableNo reference, but objects include the concept Call by value; call by referenceCall by value; call by reference for objects Compiling One file at a time, and linking Compiling Cross-reference

TRU-COMP2130 Overview18 Overview – How a Computer Works How does a computer system look like? Model from the view of functions: von Neumann architecture What happens when you turn on a computer system? Can a computer system understand a program written in C or Java? How does a program run in a computer system? Similar to

TRU-COMP2130 Overview19 Overview – How a Computer Works What happens when you turn on a computer? Power on, then? -> Electric signal -> CPU will start executing instructions from a particularly fixed address. BIOS MBR OS CPU reads one instruction from memory at a time and executes the instruction. This cycle, called instruction cycle, repeats forever. Fetch and Execution

TRU-COMP2130 Overview20 Overview – How a Computer Works Can a computer understand a program written in C or Java? How does a program run in a computer? A program is a collection of data and codes. Compile and link Load and execute Multi-programming?

TRU-COMP2130 Overview21 Overview – How a Computer Works What hardware components do we need to run programs in a computer system? Four major components: CPU Main memory I/O devices Keyboard Mouse Monitor Hard disk System buses

TRU-COMP2130 Overview22 Overview – How a Computer Works User programs write data into the main memory and read data from the main memory. It is very important to protect OS codes and data stored in the main memory from user programs. What does this mean? Why is this very important for Operating Systems? How to protect? By using hardware supports and interrupts The architectures of computer systems have very close relations with OSes and programs. We will study CPU, main memory, interrupts, instructions, and...