To discuss genetic disorders 14.1 and 14.2 notes

Karyotype- picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs Autosomes- all chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes Sex chromosomes- the chromosome that determine sex, X and Y

Pedigree- shows relationships within a family and how traits are passed often you can get the genotype of the individuals helpful in determining if a trait can be passed on in the future

sex linked genes- genes located on the X and sometimes the Y (since it is smaller) colorblindness- males have just one X so if mom is a carrier for colorblindness there is a high chance her son will be colorblind

baldness is another example hemophilia is another example (much more likely that a male will have hemophilia than a female)

nondisjunction- when chromosomes don’t separate properly when forming gametes results in trisomy 21 down syndrome also, can cause sex disorders

Turner’s syndrome A female with only one “X” Unable to reproduce or go through puberty Klinefelter’s – XXY or XXXY or XXXXY Usually unable to reproduce

Can also have XXX--- tall and low IQ Can also have XYY---- tall and acne and maybe more aggressive Prison study No known case of human born without an X