Unit 3 Computers Reading

Pre-reading mouse keyboard monitor What do you know about computer? Can you name some parts of computer?

A huge computer A PC Palmtop

In the past, if we wanted to do reading, we had to carry a lot of heavy book. But now we needn’t do it, we only need to surf the Internet. Our life has changed easy!

( ) Analytical machine( 分析机 ) ( ) Laptop ( ) Calculating machine( 计算机器 ) ( ) Robot ／ android ( ) PC ( ) Universal machine( 通用机器 ) Can you put these inventions in an order according to the time when they appeared?

Reading

Skimming: Go over the story to find out who the speaker is. Write down 3 sentences to support your idea. It is a computer. ● I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web. ● “My real father was Alan Turing...” ● I was built as an Analytical Machine by Charles Babbage.”

Fast reading 1. Who am I ? 2. Who built the first analytical machine? 3. Who was the next important person to design computers? Charles Babbage built the first analytical machine. Alan Turing was the next important person to design computers. I am a computer.

What’s the main idea of this passage? A. The development of computers B. The development and use of computers C. A machine which is simple-minded D. Computers may replace human being Fast-reading B

1. In 1642 I began as a calculating machine and could solve any mathematical problem. 2. My real father was Charles Babbage, who wrote a book and build me in F F Alan Turing True or False?

3. After I got my new transistors in the 1960s, I became smaller but cleverer and quicker. 4. I was brought into people’s homes in the 1970s. 5. Since my birth I have been built to take the place of human race. T T F serve

6. Alan Turing built an Analytical Machine to solve any mathematical problems. 7. People began to realize that the computer got cleverer and quicker with time passing. 8. The computer began to serve the human race since it was brought into people’s homes. F T F

9. Since the 1970s, the computer was used by people around the world through the Internet. 10. The larger the computer is, the more memory it has. T F

Calculating machine Analytical machine Universal machine Artificial intelligence networkInternet How did computers develop? ( In 1642 ) ( In 1822 ) ( in 1936 ) (In the 1960s) ( In the 1970s )

The analytical machine was made by Charles Babbage The computer began as a calculating machine ． The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. Read and finish the timeline below. Careful- reading

1940s The first family of computers was connected to each other. 1970s now The computers had grown as large as a room. 1960s Computers were used in offices and homes. Computers connect people all over the world together.

Read and Complete the chart. Paragraph 1 Topic sentence Supportin g details Over time I have been changed quite a lot. calculating machine analytical machine universal machine PC laptop

Paragraph 2 Topic sentence Supporting details These changes only became possible as my memory improved tubes transistors chips network World Wide Web

Paragraph 3 Topic sentence Supporting details Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. communications; finance; trade; robots; mobile phones medical operations space rockets providing a life of high quality

Develop ment Early days NameFunctionPoor Strong A _________ machine Simplify difficult sums An ________ machine Think logically and produce an answer quickly A _________ machine Solve difficult ____________ __________ calculating analytical universal mathematical problems

Develo pment Network times _________ stored in TubesLarge Small ____________ Small chips _________ _____________Narrow Wide Finance ________ Robots Mobile phones _____________ Space rockets Medical operations Memory Transistors Applications Communication Trade

1. “I” in the passage refers to _____. A. A TV set B. A computer C. A radioD. The internet 2. When was the computer the biggest? A. In 1642B. In 1936 C. In the 1940sD. In the 1970s Choose the best answer. B C

3. How old is the computer? A. About 370 years old B About 270 years old. C. About 170 years old. D. About 470 years old. A

4. What can you infer from the text? A. The computer has artificial intelligence. B. The computer changes greatly over the years. C. The computer was not connected by a network until in the early 1960s. D. Now the computer can only be used to deal with information. B

5. Who was the first person to make the earliest computer? A. Alan Turing. B. Charles Babbage. C. Charles Turing. D. Charles Alan. 6. When was the universal machine built? A. In B. In C. In D. In B C

7. What happened to the computer in the 1960s? A. It was put into robots and used to make mobile phone. B. It was given a family connected by a network. C. It began to be put into space rockets D. It began to be used in the offices. B

1. How did the computer work as an Analytical Machine? The computer followed instructions from cards with holes. Answer the questions

2. Why did people think the computer was simple-minded? Because the computer was made as a calculating machine and was used to solve mathematical problems.

3. In how many ways do we say the computer changed? What are they? Size: Intelligence: Speed: Function: People’s opinion: smaller quicker cleverer calculating---dealing with…, communicating with… clever & useful

Summary I, the c_________, was a calculating machine in 1642 in F_______. In 1936, I became a “u________ machine” to s_____ any mathematical problem. Since the 1970s I have been used first as a P___ and then as a l______ in office and h______. omputer rance niversalolve Captop omes

Many changes have happened to my s____, so my s______ totally changed. I have been widely used in many fields, I have also been put into robots to e_______ the Moon and Mars. ize hape xplore

Should high school students surf the internet( 上网 )? I think high school students should surf the internet because…(first, secondly, thirdly) I think high school students should not surf the internet because…(first, secondly, thirdly…)

Advantages We can communicate with friends Listen to the music See films & watch news Play games Do shopping Save a lot of time Do a lot of useful things

Disadvantages Some people especially the teenagers abandon ( 沉迷于 ) themselves to the computer games and chatting on the Internet. As a result, they have little time to study. Some people use the computer wrongly. If you spend too much time on it, it will do harm to our health.

Conclusion There is no doubt that computer has two sides, too. If we make good use of it, it will make our lives more colorful and convenient. But don’t lose yourself in playing computers. Just remember: Keep fit, study well and work hard.

2. What is W.W.W? World wide web. 3. 科学技术 Science and technology. 4. 人工智能 Artificial intelligence. 5. 笔记本电脑 Notebook computer. 1. What is IT? Information Technology.

palmtop smaller desktop convenient laptop

Suppose you are a reporter. Now you are interviewing Mr. / Miss Computer. Sample questions:  What do you like to eat?  What are your hobbies?  What is your newest function( 功能 )?  Can you say something about your future plan? etc. … Role-play

穿孔卡 通用机器 内存 网络 万维网 card with holes universal machine memory network World Wide Web

Calculating machine 计算机器 Analytical Machine 分析机 Artificial intelligence 人工智能 Technological revolution 技术革命 Mathematical problem 数学问题 Transistor 晶体管

1 A monitor is 2 The screen is 3 A keyboard is 4 A mouse is 5 A CD-ROM is 6 A hard disk is Match the words with their meanings. (a)the part of a computer that stores information. (b)the part of the computer that you type on. (c)the part of the computer that looks like a television (d)something you use to click on things (files, etc.). (e)the part of the monitor that you look at. (f)a separate disk that contains lots of information.

1. calculate v. 1) 计算 ; 核算 We haven’t really calculated the cost of the vacation yet. 我们还没有确切地计算出度假要花多少钱。 2) 推测 ; 估计 It is important to calculate what influence he had on her life. 现在无法估计他对她的生活产生多大影响。 Language Points

calculating adj. 斤斤计较个人得失的 ; 自私的 calculation n. 计算 calculator n. 计算器 calculate on: depend on 指望 We are calculating on having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我们指望着运动会有好天气。 be calculated to 被计划成, 打算 eg.The ad. is calculated to attract children.

2. analytical adj. 分析的, 解析的 analyse vt. 分析 ; 研究 analogy n. 相似 ; 类似 analysis n. 分析 ; 研究 analyst n. 分析家 analytic adj. 分析的 ; 分解的

3. universal adj. 通用的, 普遍的, 世界性的 English serves as the universal language in the world. It’s the universal usage of this kind of machine.

4. Over time I have been changed quite a lot. 1) over time 随着时间的推移 eg. Can we talk about this over dinner ? She gradually got better over the summer. ____ the next few days,they got to know the town well. A. With B. Over C. For D. At 2) have been changed 现在完成时的被动语态 B

5. Although I was young, I can _________ difficult sums. simplify vt. 简化 adj. simple 简单的, 朴素的 simple-minded sum n. 总数, 算术题, 金额 in sum a large sum of 总之 大量, 许多 ( 不可数名词 ) 总之, 这个计划失败了 他给了我很多食物。 In sum, the plan failed. He gave me a large sum of food. 头脑简单的

6. before conj. 在不同的语境中有不同的含义 : (1) 多久之后才 (2) 在... 以前 (3) 以免, 不然 (4) 还没... 就...( 常和 can 和 could 连用 ) eg.(1)It was a long time before I went to sleep last night. (2)I would like to talk to you before you go. (3)Do it before you forget. (4)She hung up the phone before I could answer it. 比较 : not….until 直到 …… 才 …… I didn’t complete the work until one year later.

7. artificial adj. 人工的, 人造的 artificial flowers/limbs/pearls 假花 / 假肢 / 假珍珠 artificial intelligence 人工智能 8. intelligence n ．智力 ; 聪明 intelligent adj. 有智力的 ; 聪明的 ; 理解力强的 ① He is a person of great intelligence. 他是个极聪明的人。 ② A dolphin is an intelligent animal. 海豚是有智力的动物。

9. As time went by…=With time going by 1) as conj. 随着 ……, 引导时间状语从句。 As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct. 随着时间的推移, 爱因斯坦的 理论证明是正确的。 表示 “ 随着 ……” 时, 也可以用 with ， 但 with 是介词, 后面一般不接句子。 With the passing of the years, they have become close friends. 几年过去了, 他们已成了亲密朋友。

2) go by ( 时间 ) 过去, 逝去 ; 从 … 经过 ; 遵循, 以 … 来判断 ①一辆汽车全速驶过。 A car went by at full speed. ②一星期一星期慢慢地过去了。 The weeks went slowly by. ③不要错失这次机会。 Don't let this chance go by. ④那是需要遵守的好规章。 That is a good rule to go by.

(1)As time________, she became more and more anxious about her son's safety. A. passing B. going by C. passed D. goes by (2)Three months ________ before we knew it. A. passed by B. went C. went by D. past (3)As the wealth of the country increases, more and more waste will be produced. =________ the wealth of the country’s ____________, more and more waste will be produced. D C With development

(4)With the time________, our anxiety grew. A. goes by B. going by C. has gone by D. had gone by (5) A taxi_______________ ( 刚刚过去 ). You’ll have to wait a few more minutes. (6)Things will get easier as time goes by. (7)The weeks went by slowly. (8)He was in when I went by yesterday. has just gone by B

10. As a result 结果 ; 终于 ; 因此 My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; ___, he could neither eat nor sleep. ( 江西 2005) A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise [ 点拨 ] 考查短语辨析。 as a result 结果 ; after all 毕竟 ; any way 不管怎样 ; otherwise 否则。 由句意可知要选 as a result 。 A

without result 毫无结果, 徒劳的 result in 导致, 结果为 result from 因为, 源自 思维拓展 The fight resulted _____ a bitter( 激烈的 ) argument. A bitter argument resulted ______ the fight. from in as a result(=therefore ) As a result of(=because of) 结果, 因此 因为 …

He got up late. As a result, he was late for the class. (1)The river water was seriously polluted. _______, many fish died. A. As a result B. After all C. Thanks to D. If only (2)He didn’t pass the exam _______ his carelessness. A. Regardless of B. As a result of C. Because D. Since A B

(3)The rain had lasted for three days, and ____, we had to cancel the trip to Shanghai. A. as a result B. as a result of C. result in D. result from 11. totally adv. 整个地 ; 完全地 totally blind 全盲 total adj. 完全的 ; 整个的 total silence 寂静无声 in total 总共 A

so + adj / adv + that such + n. ( 名词 )+ that so that + 句子 如此 …. 以致于 为了 …. 12. And my memory became so large that even I couldn’t believe it!

(1) He is _____ good a student _______we all like him. A. such; that B. so; who C. such; as D. so; that (2) He is _____ a good student ______we all like him. A. such; that B. so; who C. such; as D. so; that (3) He got up early this morning ______ he could catch the first bus. A. so as to B. so hat C. in order to D. so as D A B

(4) There is ______ much work to do and he was______ worried about finishing it in time that he was quite nervous all day long. A. so; so B. such; such C. so; such D. such; so (5) It was ______ that we went camping in the mountains. A. such nice weather B. such a nice weather C. so nice a weather D. too nice weather A A

(6) She has ______ she remembers all the names of the students she has taught. A. so good memory B. good memory C. such a good memory that D. such good memory that C

Summary( 小结 ) so+adj./adv. such+n. many, much, few 前惯用 so; little 表示数量少惯用 so; 表示 “ 小 ” 时, 如修饰名词则前面用 such; such a/an +adj.+n.( 单数） =so +adj.+ a/an+n.( 单数 ); 但 such 修饰不可数 名词或可数名词的复数则不可换成 so.

So hard does he work that he seldom goes home. so + 形容词 ( 副词 )+ that…. 结构中 so + 形容词 ( 副词 ) 在句首时, 句子用倒装结构。 He works so hard that he seldom goes home. So much of interest ____ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all. A offers Beijing B Beijing offers C does Beijing offer D Beijing does offer C

13. alone adj./adv. 独自的 ( 地 ), 单独的 ( 地 ), 可以作表、状语 lonely 孤独的, 偏僻的, 荒凉的 可以作定、表语 The old man lived ______ in a ______ house, but he didn’t feel ______. That is to say, he was ______ in the house. alone lonely alonelonely

14. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 1) help (sb) with sth 协助 ( 某人 ) 做某事 e.g. A man is helping the police with their enquiries. 有一男子在协助警方进行调查。 他不但能讲英语而且还能讲日语 。 He can speak English as well as Japanese. 2) as well as 也, 还, 而且

连接单词或者短语 eg. 这个孩子健康又活泼。 This child is lively as well as healthy. 连接两个谓语时, 时态应保持一致 eg. 他亲手建造并装修了这间房屋。 He makes as well as docorates the room. 连接两个名词作主语, 谓语取决于前面 的名词 eg. 我还有他们都愿意帮助你。 I as well as they am willing to help you.

He grows flowers as well as vegetables. She is a talented musician as well as a photographer. 3) 这个句子是现在完成时被动语态, 其 结构是 (have/has +been + 过去分词 ) e.g. The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 他以及他的父母都喜欢看电影。 He as well as his parents _____ watching Movie. likes

[ 例 1] Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ______ yet. ( 浙江 2007) A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided A [ 点拨 ] 本题考查动词的时态、语态及主谓 一致。由 yet 可知要用完成时态, 又因时间与 地点是被决定的, 故应用被动语态。此外, “ 在什么时候和什么地点 ( 做报告 )” 是指同一 件事, 故用单数形式。

[ 例 2] When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _______. ( 四川 2007) A. have marked B. have been marked C. had marked D. had been marked [ 点拨 ] 因 mark 这一动作发生在 get 之前， 且试卷是被批注, 因此应用现在完成时的被 动语态。 B

[ 例 3] I got caught in the rain and my suit ______. ( 北京 2007) A.has ruined B. had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been ruined [ 点拨 ] 句意为 : 我遭遇大雨, 我的衣服 被淋坏了。 ruin 表示的动作发生在 got caught 之后, 故排除 B 、 D 两项。此处 表示被动, 所以 C 项正确。 C

1) anyhow 无论如何, 总之, 反正 Anyhow it’s worth trying. 不管怎样, 这事值得一试。 ( 句首 ) 也许会下雨, 但我们无论如何都要去。 ( 句末 ) It may rain, but we’ll go anyhow. I don’t care what you say; I’m going to do it anyhow. 15. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

eg. I’ve tried, but I can open the door anyhow. Perhaps I’m not quite fit for the job, but ______, please let me try. A. in fact B. anyhow C. so D. otherwise 比较 : somehow 意为 “ 以某种方式 ; 不知 怎么地 ” B

2) goal n. 目标, 目的 品句会意 ① The winning goal was scored by Ronaldino. (n.) ② He headed the ball into the open goal and helped the team win the match. (n.) 射门, ( 进球 ) 得分 球门

3) provide vt. 向... 提供..., 供应... provide sb with sth.=provide sth for sb e.g. We provided the sufferers with food and clothe. =We provided food and clothes for the sufferers. supply sb with sth=supply sth to sb offer sb sth =offer sth to sb

1. Three s____________ people thinking together can be smarter than one clever person. 三个臭皮匠, 赛过诸葛亮。 2. Let me forget you t______ 。 让我死心塌地忘记。 --- 《冷酷到底》 3. Have you ever heard it when you ____ _____ the river ？ 走过那条小河, 你可曾听见 ? --- 《一个真实的故事》 imple-minded Enjoy some beautiful sentences otally go by

Homework 1.Review the passage 2. Do Ex. 1-3 on P Read the story about Bill Gates.