Andhra Pradesh - Past to Present 1

ORGANIZATION 2  Brief History  Development & Prosperity - Facts & Figures  Water Sharing  Education & Employment  Law & Order  Importance of Hyderabad  Recommendations of Sri Krishna Committee

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RegionArea in Thousan ds of sq.kms Population (2001) In millions Density No. per sq.km Literacy rate Per capita income in Rupees Andhra Pradesh ,600 Telangana with Hyd ,082 Telangana without Hyd ,771 Rayalaseema ,056 Coastal Andhra ,496 5

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1. The present state of AP was formed on 1 st November Andhra Rastram was formed on 1 st October 1953 comprising of the present Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions and three talukas of Ballari district. 3. Capital was Kurnool. High court in Guntur. First CM Prakasam Pantulu 4. Hyderabad state comprising of the present Telangana region, + Some districts (Aurangabad, Nanded, Osmanabad etc.) of Bombay state who speak Marathi + Some districts (Gulbarga, Raichur, Bidar etc.) of Mysore state who speak Kannada 5. Till 1948 Sept. Hyderabad state was under the Nizam rule. On 17 th Sept. the state was forcibly brought under the control of India by a military action. Till Dec it was under the control of military. 6. In 1950 M A Vellodi, ICS was made as CM. In 1952 elections were held and Burgula Ramakrishna Rao became the first CM 7. The SRC (States Reorganization Commission) was constituted in 1956 by the Govt. of India with an intention of re-organizing the states on the basis of language the people speak. 7

8. Recommendations of SRC  Districts of Gulbarga, Raichur and the taluks under the district of Bellari should be combined with Mysore state  Districts of Nanded, Aurangabad and Osmanabad should be merged with Bombay state  Remaining part of Hyderabad state can be combined with Andhra Rastram to formulate a Visalandhra  This merger can be done after the 1961 elections giving a time frame of 5 years for the merger 9. But the merger of Hyderabad state was done in 1956 itself, when people and elected representatives of Hyd. expressed a strong desire and eagerness for a merger 8

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 Facts & Figures 13

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RegionCommerci al Taxes Exercis e Transpor t Stamps & Registrat ion Mines Geology Transpor t Land & Revenu e Total Andhra Rayalase ema Telangan a Hyderab ad & RR Total

Region No. of Employees for every people Average Salary in Rs. Coastal Region Rayalaseema76190 Telangana

Region Per Capita Income In Rs. Coastal Region36,496 Telangana 36,082 Rayalaseema33,056 17

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Region % of Sales Tax Received Coastal Region15% Telangana 82% Rayalaseema 3% 19

Region Amount in Crores Coastal Region5,499 Telangana6,490 Rayalaseema732 20

RegionPercentage of Grants Coastal Region7% Telangana41% Rayalaseema74% (74% of Rayalaseema regions are backward) 21

RegionNumber of Districts Coastal Andhra01 Telangana04 Rayalaseema03 22

Type Coastal Andhra TelanganaRayalaseema Two Wheelers72%93%54% Four Wheelers 7%18%5% Transport Vehicles 4% 3% Others 15%16%15% 23

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Region Telanga na Rayalase ema Coastal Andhra

Region Coastal Region 44.7%60.6% Telangana 17.2%50.4% Rayalaseem a 14.7%25.3% 26

RegionIn Kilowatts Coastal Region5797 Telangana5920 Rayalaseema646 27

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‘T’ without Hyd 29

Spread of Higher Education in different regions before Independence Coastal Andhra  A college at Machilipatnam established by Church Missionary Society in  1864  Junior College at Rajahmundhry that was made a degree college in 1877  Hindu College (presently known as the A.V.N. College) at Visakhapatnam 1878  Andhra Christian College, Guntur in 1885  PR College of Kakinada before 1910  Hindu College, Guntur in 1930  SRR & CVR College at Vijayawada  Andhra University was established at Visakhapatnam in 1926, where the Arts College was started in

Rayalaseema  Theosophical college in Madanapalli was established by Annie Besant in1915.  Government Arts College was established at Ananthapur in Telangana  Nizam College was established in Hyderabad in 1887 and was affiliated to Madras University.  Osmania University was established in  There was only one intermediate college outside of Hyderabad, which existed at Warangal town. 31

Region DegreeEngg.PharmaB.EdMBAMCALawTotal Telangana Coastal Andhra Rayalaseema

 IITH  IIITH  NITW  ISB  HCU  NIMS  NALSAR 33

Per capita Grant as Calculated by Various Political Groups -University Annual Per capita (Rs.) Andhra University Nagarjuna University Sri Venkateswara University Sri Krishna Devaraya University Osmania University Kakatiya University Source: Memorandum submitted by TRS and other groups 34

35 Telangana (OU & KU)- Rs Coastal Andhra (AU & NU)- Rs Rayalaseem (SVU & SKU)- Rs.44696

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It is a fact that most of the economic and developmental parameters show that Telangana (excluding Hyderabad) is either on par with or a shade lower than coastal Andhra; but once Hyderabad is included, the situation in Telangana is far better. Additionally, the rate of growth of most of the parameters of development has shown robust growth in Telangana. Coastal Andhra has natural advantages and a long history of development in agriculture, but it is the Telangana region which has shown commendable growth in agriculture during the past three-four decades. Thus, on the whole, it would appear that the deprived region is Rayalaseema not Telangana. (p.160 of SKC report) 37

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1. University of Hyderabad 2. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) 3. National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) 4. Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) 5. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) 6. National Institute of Sorgum (NIS) 7. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) 8. National Institute of Non Conventional Energy (NARM) 9. Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) 10. National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) 39

40 11.National Institute on Small Industries Training & Education (NISIT) 12.National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) 13.National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) 14.Defence Metallurgical Research Labs (DMRL) 15.Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT) 16.National Institute of Biogas Management (NIBM) 17.National Institute of Forensic Science and Centre for DNA and Finger Printing Institute (NIFC) 18.Indian Institute of Health and Family Welfare (IIHF) 19.Indian Institute of Public Health (IIPH) 20.Central Institute of English and Foreign languages (CIEFL)

41 21.Indian Council of Agricultural Research (IARI) 22.Institute of Public Enterprise 23.Institute of Genetics and Hospital for genetic diseases 24.Administrative Staff College of India 25.Indian Statistical Institute (Andhra Pradesh Branch)

 Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)  Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL)  Head Quarters of South Central Railway  India Government Mint, Hyderabad  Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI)  National Mineral Development Corporation Limited (NMDC)  National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)  Nuclear Fuel Complex  Praga Tools Limited  Press Information Bureau (PIB), Hyderabad 42

 Railway Recruitment Board, Secunderabad  Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)  Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL)  South Central Railway  Sponge Iron India Limited (SIIL)  Ordinance Factory  ASL  PD & AD  RCI,Imarat 43

 BHEL  HAL  ICRISAT  HMT  Bharat Electricals limited  DMRL  DRDL  DLRL  CPDL  IDPL  International Airport 44

 Commissionerate of Central Excise and Customs  Customs House  Dredging Corporation of India  Hindustan Shipyard Limited  Indian National Centre for Ocean Information  Services (INCOIS)  ONGC  Steel Plant  Visakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT)  Tobacco Board 45

 IT Exports in 2009 – Rs. 32,500 crore (15% of India / 98% of AP)  5 th Largest (after B’lore, Mumbai, NCR & Chennai)  Rs crore surplus income  Manufacturing Industry  Construction Industry  Modern Services  Public Services 46

47 Total amount in 2009 = Rs.3343 Cr

48 Recommendations of Sri Krishna Committee about Hyderabad There is a large concentration of economic activity, employment generation and markets in the district/urban agglomeration of Hyderabad and it has a share of 8 % in the total GDP (constant prices) of AP. The share of urban agglomeration-Hyderabad is expected to be much higher. Therefore, it is important to keep the city/district/urban agglomeration of Hyderabad accessible to people and businesses from any of the regions of AP or for that matter from any part of India and abroad.

(i) Maintain status quo (ii) Bifurcation of the State into Seemandhra and Telangana; with Hyderabad as a Union Territory and the two states developing their own capitals in due course. (iii) Bifurcation of State into Rayala Telangana and coastal Andhra regions with Hyderabad being an integral part of Rayala Telangana. (iv) Bifurcation of AndhraPradesh into Seemandhra and Telangana with enlarged Hyderabad Metropolis as a separate Union Territory. (v) Bifurcation of the State into Telangana and Seemandhra as per existing boundaries with Hyderabad as the capital of Telanganaand Seemandhra to have a new capital 49

The Best Option Suggested by Srikrishna Committee….. “Keeping the State united by simultaneously providing certain definite Constitutional/Statutory measures for socio- economic development and political empowerment of Telangana region –creation of a statutorily empowered Telangana Regional Council.” 50

 “There is an overall rationality in the formation of our various States and we should be very careful not to break this foundation of rationality in momentary passions.”  I stand firmly for an integrated State………… It does not matter how many States we have, you still will be neighbours and you still will have to deal with one another in a hundred and one things. Thinking that just because you are separated, you can get rid of these people or we have got rid of this problem is a very facile way of thinking. Our experience has not shown that this comes true. 51

52 “In ages long past a great son of India, the Buddha, said that the only real victory was one in which all were equally victorious and there was defeat for no one. In the world today that is the only practical victory; any other way will lead to disaster”. ………. …. Nehru in UN General Assembly in 1960

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